Biomarkers in triple negative breast cancer: A review

Table 1 Epidermal growth factor receptor expression in triple negative breast cancer

Ref.	Total number	No. of TNBC subjects	EGFR expression1
Thike et al[9], 2010	7048	767	30%
Patil et al[10], 2011	683	136	7.4%
Nielsen et al[24], 2004	-	21 basal like tumours	57%
Rakha et al[45], 2007	1726	282	37% in TNBC vs 15% in non-TNBC
Mehdizadeh et al[47], 2012	1132	103	23.3%
Rydén et al[48], 2010	564	48	41% TNBC vs 11% non-TNBC

¹The expression is depicted as the percentage of patients expressing the marker. TNBC: Triple negative breast cancer; EGFR: Epidermal growth factor receptor.

Table 2 Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor expression in triple negative breast cancer

Ref.	Total number	No. of TNBC	VEGFR-2 expression1
Mehdizadeh et al[47], 2012	1132	103	93.2%
Iosifidou et al[62], 2009	-	73	77%
Chanana et al[63], 2012	70	27	54% vs 23%
Linderholm et al[67], 2008	679	87	Higher intratumour VEGF levels in TNBC
Andre et al[68], 2009	69	35	34%

¹The expression is depicted as the percentage of patients expressing the marker. TNBC: Triple negative breast cancer; VEGFR: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor.

Table 3 C-kit expression in triple negative breast cancer

Ref.	Total number	No. of TNBC	C-kit expression1
Thike et al[9], 2010	7048	767	CK 5/6 in 6%, CK-14 in 48%, CK-17 in 50%, C-kit in 45%
Nielsen et al[24], 2004	-	21	CK 5/6 in 62% and C-kit in 29%
Kim et al[76], 2009	625	147	CK5/6 in 35.4% and C-kit in 11.6%
Bryan et al[78], 2006	66	4	75% of TNBC vs 29% of non-TNBC

¹The expression is depicted as the percentage of patients expressing the marker. TNBC: Triple negative breast cancer; CK: Cytokeratin; EGFR: Epidermal growth factor receptor.

Table 4 p-53 expression in triple negative breast cancer

Ref.	Total number	No. of TNBC	p-53 expression
Patil et al[10], 2011	683	135/683	47.8%
Nielsen et al[24], 2004	11	11	82%
Rakha et al[45], 2007	1726	282/1726	56% in TNBC vs 22% in non-TNBC
Chae et al[90], 2008	135	32/135	40.6% in TNBC vs 42.7% in non- TNBC
Biganzoli et al[89], 2011	-	(633 + 1026) from two separate sources	Divided TNBC into subclass BL which accounts for 89% of total TNBCs

TNBC: Triple negative breast cancer; BL: Basal like.