Construction and validation of a multiparameter diagnostic model based on conventional tumor markers and cytokines for lung cancer

Table 1 Differences in indicator levels between healthy control group and lung cancer group

Indicator	Healthy control group (n = 143)	Lung cancer group (n = 113)
CEA (ng/L)	1.55 (0.98, 2.29)	3.40 (1.69, 8.43)
CY211 (ng/mL)	1.65 (1.22, 2.21)	2.55 (1.76, 3.13)
NSE (ng/mL)	9.46 (8.25, 10.78)	10.79 (8.03, 12.48)
GM-CSF (pg/mL)	0.72 (0.35, 1.75)	1.42 (0.82, 2.50)
IL-10 (pg/mL)	1.98 (1.16, 3.05)	1.11 (0.81, 1.70)
IL-8 (pg/mL)	17.12 (8.40, 38.69)	315.75 (160.44, 523.19)
MCP-1 (pg/mL)	341.11 (258.94, 500.58)	636.03 (506.75, 859.70)
TNF-α (pg/mL)	5.94 (4.62, 7.68)	19.33 (12.77, 30.34)

Data are presented as medians (interquartile ranges: 25^th and 75^th percentiles). CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CY211: Cytokeratin 19 fragment; NSE: Neuron-specific enolase; IL: Interleukin; MCP-1: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha.

Table 2 Diagnostic value of carcinoembryonic antigen, cytokeratin 19 fragment, neuron-specific enolase, interleukin-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha

Indicator	AUC (95%CI)	P value	Cut-off value	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)
CEA	0.755 (0.694-0.816)	< 0.001	2.85	72.6	81.1
CY211	0.703 (0.639-0.767)	< 0.001	2.26	68.1	74.8
NSE	0.587 (0.514-0.661)	0.017	10.10	56.6	67.1
IL-8	0.957 (0.935-0.978)	< 0.001	126.25	93.8	94.4
MCP-1	0.825 (0.772-0.877)	< 0.001	427.64	86.7	88.1
TNF-α	0.936 (0.907-0.965)	< 0.001	9.85	89.4	90.9

AUC: Area under the curve; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CY211: Cytokeratin 19 fragment; NSE: Neuron-specific enolase; IL: Interleukin; MCP-1: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha.

Table 3 Odds ration of the indicators in the binary analysis

Indicator	β	SE	Wals	P value	Exp(B)	95%CI
						Lower	Upper
CEA	0.371	0.135	7.525	0.006	1.449	1.112	1.888
CY211	0.518	0.206	6.338	0.012	1.678	1.122	2.512
IL-8	0.014	0.003	25.746	< 0.001	1.014	1.009	1.020
TNF-α	0.100	0.040	6.125	0.013	1.105	1.021	1.196

CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CY211: Cytokeratin 19 fragment; IL: Interleukin; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha.