Three kinds of drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolisation for treating patients with unresectable non-small cell lung cancer

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of enrolled patients who underwent drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization, n (%)/mean ± SD/median (25^th-75^th percentiles)

	DOX group	OXA group	GEM group	P value
Total number of patients	47	29	47
Gender (male)	38 (80.9)	19 (65.5)	38 (80.9)	0.23
Gender (female)	9 (19.1)	10 (34.5)	9 (19.1)	0.23
Mean age, years	60.5 ± 9.6	62.9 ± 13.4	65.9 ± 10.3	0.06
Course of disease (months)	3.5 (1.0-12.0)	3.0 (1.0-6.8)	3.0 (0.5-8.0)	0.57
Chemotherapy	15 (31.9)	10 (34.5)	20 (42.6)	0.54
Radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy	6 (12.8)	3 (10.3)	2 (4.3)	0.34
Genetic mutations	4 (8.5)	6 (20.7)	8 (17.0)	0.29
Targeted therapy	7 (14.9)	8 (27.6)	6 (12.8)	0.22
Immunotherapy	5 (10.6)	2 (6.9)	11 (23.4)	0.09
Targeted and Immunotherapy	2 (4.3)	4 (13.8)	4 (8.5)	0.33
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors	8 (17.0)	10 (34.5)	8 (17.0)	0.24
Bevacizumab	1 (2.1)	2 (6.9)	2 (4.3)	0.59
Only one tumor	34 (72.3)	20 (69.0)	34 (72.3)
Two tumors	2 (4.3)	0 (0.0)	6 (12.8)	0.12
Not less than three tumors	11 (23.4)	9 (31.0)	7 (14.9)
Diameter of tumor (mm)	67.0 (48.0-88.9)	49.9 (37.4-74.5)	66.0 (49.0-84.0)	0.20
Lymph node metastasis	14 (29.8)	8 (27.6)	18 (38.3)	0.55
Distant organ metastasis	10 (21.3)	10 (34.5)	12 (25.5)	0.47
Squamous carcinoma	24 (51.1)	11 (37.9)	33 (70.2)
Adenocarcinoma	14 (29.8)	12 (41.4)	11 (23.4)	0.06
Other pathological types	9 (19.1)	6 (20.7)	3 (6.4)
II stage	1 (2.2)	4 (13.8)	4 (8.5)
III stage	19 (40.4)	9 (31.0)	19 (40.4)	0.38
IV stage	27 (57.4)	16 (55.2)	24 (51.1)	-
Central type	25 (53.2)	19 (65.5)	29 (61.7)	0.38
Peripheral type	22 (46.8)	10 (34.5)	18 (38.3)	0.38
Location, right lung	30 (63.8)	18 (62.1)	29 (61.7)	0.98
Location, left lung	14 (29.8)	11 (37.9)	16 (34.0)	0.76
Hemoptysis	18 (38.3)	7 (24.1)	13 (27.7)	0.36
Obstructive atelectasis or pneumonia	12 (25.5)	13 (44.8)	17 (36.2)	0.21

DOX: Doxorubicin; OXA: Oxaliplatin; GEM: Gemcitabine.

Table 2 Technical outcomes and complication s of rug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization, n (%)/mean ± SD/median (25^th-75^th percentiles)

	DOX group (n = 64)	OXA group (n = 44)	GEM group (n = 61)	P value
Initial technical success	63 (98.4)	42 (95.5)	59 (96.7)	0.66
Procedure time (minute)	85.0 (70.0-120.0)	90.0 (60.8-111.3)	93.0 (60.0-118.0)	1.00
Hospital day	14.5 (10.8-20.0)	11.0 (8.0-17.0)	14.0 (10.0-19.5)	0.12
Total cost of hospitalization, × 104 (¥)	6.6 ± 2.2	6.2 ± 2.1	6.9 ± 1.9	0. 35
Session of DEB-TACE	1.4 ± 0.6	1.6 ± 1.0	1.3 ± 0.6	0.22
I125 seed implantation	15 (31.9)	2 (6.9)	15 (31.9)	< 0.01
Thermal ablation	5 (10.6)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0.01
cTACE	9 (19.1)	5 (17.2)	7 (14.9)	0.86
TAE for hemoptysis	6 (12.8)	1 (3.4)	4 (8.5)	0.38
DEB-TACE for liver or renal metastasis	1 (2.1)	5 (17.2)	1 (2.1)	< 0.01
Esophageal or airway stenting	6 (12.8)	1 (3.4)	4 (8.5)	0.38
Vascular stent implantation	1 (2.1)	0 (0.0)	2 (4.3)	0.50
Complications1	19 (40.4)	10 (34.5)	15 (31.9)	0.63
Fever	3 (6.4)	2 (6.9)	3 (6.4)	1.00
Nausea or vomiting	8 (17.0)	4 (13.8)	5 (10.6)	0.67
Chest pain	8 (17.0)	5 (17.2)	6 (12.8)	0.81
Pain of access site	2 (4.3)	0 (0.0)	2 (4.3)	0.53
Others	1 (2.1)	1 (3.4)	3 (6.4)	0.57

¹Some patients experienced more than one adverse event.

DOX: Doxorubicin; OXA: Oxaliplatin; GEM: Gemcitabine; cTACE: Conventional transarterial chemoembolisation; TACE: Transarterial chemoembolization; DEB-TACE: Drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization.

Table 3 Treatment response and survival outcomes, n (%)

	DOX group	OXA group	GEM group	P value
Objective response rates
1 month	7 (14.9)	6 (20.7)	9 (19.1)	0.78
3 months	8 (21.1)	6 (30.0)	10 (23.8)	0.75
6 months	6 (17.6)	7 (33.3)	6 (17.1)	0.29
Disease control rates
1 month	42 (89.4)	21 (72.4)	36 (76.6)	0.13
3 months	26 (68.4)	14 (70.0)	29 (69.0)	0.99
6 months	14 (41.2)	12 (57.1)	15 (42.9)	0.47
Loss of follow up	0 (0.0)	1 (3.4)	1 (2.1)	1.00
Deaths	28 (59.6)	10 (34.5)	26 (55.3)	0.09
Median OS (months)	10.2	29.6a	10.7	0.05
Median PFS (months)	6.8	9.9	7.2	0.31

^aP < 0.05 vs the doxorubicin and gemcitabine groups.

OS: Overall survival; PFS: Progression-free survival; DOX: Doxorubicin; OXA: Oxaliplatin; GEM: Gemcitabine.