Post-treatment triglyceride-glucose index as survival protective factors in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Table 1 Main characteristics of the whole cohort and the groups with survival, n (%)

Characteristics	Overall	Survival	Death	P value
n	360	151 (41.9)	209 (58.1)	-
Survive time, median (IQR)	22.2 (12, 38.78)	38.57 (25.815, 50)	15 (8.47, 23.17)	< 0.001
Gender				0.527
Male	287 (79.7)	118 (32.8)	169 (46.9)
Female	73 (20.3)	33 (9.2)	40 (11.1)
Age, mean ± SD	65 (58.75, 70)	63.649 ± 7.5888	64.12 ± 9.497	0.602
KPS				0.006
70	6 (1.7)	0 (0)	6 (1.7)
80	144 (40)	50 (13.9)	94 (26.1)
90	208 (57.8)	101 (28.1)	107 (29.7)
100	2 (0.6)	0 (0)	2 (0.6)
Smoking history				0.924
No	142 (39.4)	60 (16.7)	82 (22.8)
Yes	218 (60.6)	91 (25.3)	127 (35.3)
Alcohol history				0.409
No	153 (42.5)	68 (18.9)	85 (23.6)
Yes	207 (57.5)	83 (23.1)	124 (34.4)
Tumor location, median (IQR)	2 (1, 3)	2 (1, 3)	2 (2, 3)	0.036
Clinical stage				< 0.001
I	1 (0.3)	1 (0.3)	0 (0)
II	16 (4.4)	12 (3.3)	4 (1.1)
III	206 (57.2)	106 (29.4)	100 (27.8)
IV	137 (38.1)	32 (8.9)	105 (29.2)
RT dose, median (IQR)	65 (60, 66)	60 (60, 66)	66 (60, 66)	0.001
Chemotherapy				0.029
No	39 (10.8)	10 (2.8)	29 (8.1)
Yes	321 (89.2)	141(39.2)	180 (50)
BMI, median (IQR)	21.6 (19.947, 23.885)	22 (20.33, 24.17)	21.11 (19.53, 23.44)	0.018
Pre-glucose, median (IQR)	5.13 (4.71, 5.8225)	5.03 (4.605, 5.78)	5.24 (4.77, 5.84)	0.047
Pre-TC, median (IQR)	4.725 (4.0475, 5.3625)	4.82 (4.06, 5.425)	4.69 (4.01, 5.3)	0.410
Pre-TG, median (IQR)	1.13 (0.8975, 1.45)	1.12 (0.9, 1.45)	1.13 (0.89, 1.46)	0.880
Post-BMI, mean ± SD	20.89 (19.325, 22.58)	21.537 ± 2.6983	20.904 ± 2.6611	0.072
Post-glucose, median (IQR)	5.31 (4.81, 5.94)	5.26 (4.825, 5.915)	5.33 (4.8, 5.94)	0.886
Post-TC, median (IQR)	4.48 (3.87, 5.29)	4.64 (4.025, 5.525)	4.26 (3.73, 5.17)	0.002
Post-TG, median (IQR)	1.3 (0.9875, 1.67)	1.43 (1.1, 1.775)	1.23 (0.92, 1.53)	< 0.001
PreTyG, median (IQR)	8.4781 (8.1915, 8.7593)	8.4357 (8.1754, 8.7729)	8.5087 (8.207, 8.748)	0.393
PostTyG, mean ± SD	9.8787 ± 0.31856	9.9299 ± 0.29319	9.8418 ± 0.33149	0.009
PostTyG-BW, median (IQR)	82.961 (73.243, 92.833)	85.855 (74.724, 96.954)	80.109 (72.236, 89.091)	0.004
PostTyG-BMI, median (IQR)	214.85 (195.92, 234.25)	218.76 (202.14, 237.33)	211.38 (192.76, 230.09)	0.006

Clinical stage was determined according to the 7^th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer classification. IQR: Interquartile range; KPS: Karnofsky Performance Status; RT: Radiotherapy; BMI: Body mass index; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; TyG: Triglyceride-glucose; TyG-BW: Triglyceride-glucose-body weight; TyG-BMI: Triglyceride-glucose-body mass index.

Table 2 Pearson correlation coefficients between post-treatment triglyceride-glucose-related indices and clinical characteristics

Group	TyG index		Clinical stage	RT dose	Chemotherapy	BMI	Survival time	Survival status
Total patients	PostTyG	R	-0.133	-0.024	0.079	0.049	-0.125	0.119
		P value	0.012	0.645	0.136	0.351	0.017	0.023
		FDR P value	0.036	0.572	0.294	0.341	0.341	0.045
	PostTyG-BW	R	-0.218	0.052	0.133	0.787	-0.151	0.2
		P value	< 0.001	0.329	0.012	< 0.001	0.004	< 0.001
		FDR P value	0.739	0.572	0.739	0.163	0.501	0.402
	PostTyG-BMI	R	-0.221	0.059	0.164	0.971	-0.146	0.21
		P value	< 0.001	0.264	0.002	< 0.001	0.005	< 0.001
		FDR P value	0.001	0.46	0.033	< 0.001	0.014	0.033
Male	PostTyG	R	-0.19	-0.016	0.096	0.075	-0.115	0.142
		P value	0.001	0.79	0.104	0.204	0.051	0.016
		FDR P value	0.008	0.615	0.196	0.341	0.288	0.112
	PostTyG-BW	R	-0.245	0.072	0.174	0.821	-0.163	0.257
		P value	< 0.001	0.223	0.003	< 0.001	0.006	< 0.001
		FDR P value	0.957	0.458	0.779	0.033	0.572	0.485
	PostTyG-BMI	R	-0.222	0.121	0.182	0.969	-0.152	0.269
		P value	< 0.001	0.04	0.002	< 0.001	0.01	< 0.001
		FDR P value	0.002	0.288	0.033	< 0.001	0.002	0.042
Female	PostTyG	R	0.089	-0.074	0.023	-0.047	-0.156	0.029
		P value	0.453	0.535	0.849	0.691	0.187	0.807
		FDR P value	0.679	0.787	0.957	0.823	0.988	0.415
	PostTyG-BW	R	-0.158	-0.212	0.117	0.726	-0.124	-0.018
		P value	0.183	0.071	0.323	< 0.001	0.296	0.88
		FDR P value	0.453	0.779	0.79	0.558	0.739	0.572
	PostTyG-BMI	R	-0.195	-0.258	0.117	0.964	-0.106	-0.055
		P value	0.098	0.028	0.323	< 0.001	0.373	0.641
		FDR P value	0.458	0.447	0.558	< 0.001	0.82	0.541

RT: Radiotherapy; BMI: Body mass index; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; TyG: Triglyceride-glucose; TyG-BW: Triglyceride-glucose-body weight; TyG-BMI: Triglyceride-glucose-body mass index; FDR: False discovery rate.