Closure techniques for esophageal reconstruction after total laryngectomy and their impact on fistula formation

Table 1 Patient characteristics

Variable	n (%)
Sex
Male	44 (84.6)
Female	8 (15.4)
Age	59.8 ± 9.6 (mean ± SD)
Pre-RTH	13 (25)
Pre-CHTH	17 (32.7)
Stapler closure	29 (55.8)
Traditional suturing	23 (44.2)
Tumor histology
SCC	48 (92.3)
Sarcoma	3 (5.8)
Papillary thyroid carcinoma	1 (1.9)
Grading
G1	1 (1.7)
G2	30 (58.8)
G3	20 (39.5)
TNM
T1	1 (2)
T2	3 (5.8)
T3	20 (38.4)
T4	28 (53.8)

Pre-CHTH: Pre-surgical chemotherapy; Pre-RTH: Presurgical-radiotherapy.

Table 2 Patients variable analysis in relation to fistula formation

Variable	χ2 statistic	P value
Sex	3.9550050758592823	0.26636393831686167
Esophageal closure technique	15.696733978201937	0.00039038895742840737
Pre-RTH	5.675140807974392	0.017206958724626478
Pre-CHTH	0.0	1.0
Age	428.01	0.08290666236481849

¹U-statistic.

Pre-RTH: Pre-surgical radiotherapy; Pre-CHTH: Pre-surgical chemotherapy.

Table 3 Logistic regression results analysis

Variable	Coefficient	P value
Age	0.06113720584280406	0.21654969666498713
Pre-RTH	3.5576266291241665	0.014690168928534938
Pre-CHTH	-0.3851008560613498	0.6753164862771848
Sex	-0.02433357357280013	0.9879323490672312
Stapler closure technique	0.8691182045656517	0.6005945338964389
Traditional suturing technique	4.480644427990686	0.009957937496548925

Pre-CHTH: Pre-surgical chemotherapy; Pre-RTH: Pre-surgical radiotherapy.

Table 4 Analysis of factors influencing fistula formation

Variable	OR	95%CI	P value
Type of anastomosis (hand-sewn vs stapler)	4.08	1.33-12.52	0.014
Pre-RTH	3.65	1.21-10.97	0.021
Pre-CHTH	1.22	0.62-2.85	0.551
Age	1.08	0.82-1.42	0.232
Sex (male vs female)	0.94	0.51-1.84	0.719

OR: Odds ratio; Pre-CHTH: Pre-surgical chemotherapy; Pre-RTH: Pre-surgical radiotherapy.