Compound lidocaine cream with warm compress for pain relief in ultrasound-guided peripherally inserted central catheter placement for cancer patients

Table 1 Patient demographic and clinical characteristics (n = 88), n (%)

Variables	Control (n = 44)	Intervention (n = 44)	t/χ²	P value
Age (year), mean ± SD	74.77 ± 2.43	65.30 ± 2.77	1.927	0.163
Gender (male)	22 (50.0)	19 (43.2)	0.412	0.521
Married	44 (100)	44 (100)	0.000	1.000
Smoking/alcohol habit	1 (2.3)	2 (4.5)	0.337	0.563
Chronic diseases			1.067	0.785
None	13 (29.5)	10 (22.7)
One	14 (31.8)	18 (40.9)
Two	12 (27.3)	12 (27.3)
Three	5 (11.4)	4 (9.1)

Table 2 Laboratory findings and catheter selection (n = 88)

Variables	Control (n = 44)	Intervention (n = 44)	t/χ²	P value
Platelets (× 109/L), mean ± SD	209.48 ± 15.40	227.59 ± 22.36	1.512	0.312
D-dimer (mg/L)	-	4.22 ± 1.04	1.927	0.054
Catheter type, n (%)			1.637	0.201
Double-lumen power	19 (43.2)	25 (56.8)
Groshong	25 (56.8)	19 (43.2)

Table 3 Procedural pain and vital signs comparison (n = 88)

Variables	Control (n = 44)	Intervention (n = 44)	t/χ²	P value
Pain score (NRS), mean ± SD	2.23 ± 0.12	1.75 ± 0.15	2.584	0.012
Heart rate (beats/minute)	85.20 ± 2.14	82.02 ± 1.72	1.158	0.250
Abnormal blood pressure, n (%)	13 (29.5)	10 (22.7)	0.530	0.467

NRS: Numerical rating scale.

Table 4 Efficiency, success, complications, and satisfaction (n = 88), n (%)

Variables	Control (n = 44)	Intervention (n = 44)	t/χ²	P value
Procedure duration (minute)	31.86 ± 0.74	35.41 ± 1.15	2.414	0.018
First-attempt success	42 (95.5)	40 (90.9)	0.179	0.672
Complications	2 (4.5)	1 (2.3)	0.449	0.500
Patient satisfaction	37 (84.1)	43 (97.7)	0.935	0.334