Quality of life among Saudi cancer survivors: The role of social and demographic factors

Table 1 Cancer survivors’ demographics and clinical characteristics (n = 101)

Variable	Category	n1	%
Age (year)	61 or more	21	20.6
	56-60	17	16.7
	36-40	15	14.7
	41-45	13	12.7
	46-50	11	10.8
	31-35	11	10.8
	51-55	9	8.8
	26-30	1	1
	20-25	4	3.9
Gender	Male	28	27.5
Level of education	Bachelor degree	54	52.9
	Post-graduate	29	28.4
	Secondary degree	15	14.7
	Elementary degree	3	2.9
	Primary degree	1	1
Marital status	Married	79	77.5
	Single	12	11.8
	Divorced	8	7.8
	Widow	3	2.9
Living status	Urban city	98	96.1
	Village	4	3.9
Is it your house that you live in?	Owner	64	62.7
	Rent	38	37.3
Profession/job	working	57	55.9
	Retired	27	26.5
	No job	18	17.6
What is the chronic disease that you suffer from?	Hypertension	27	26.5
	Diabetes	26	25.5
	High cholesterol	17	16.7
	Respiratory disease	15	14.7
	Neurological disease	8	7.8
	Cardiovascular/heart disease	7	6.9
	Kidney/renal disease	2	2
Monthly income (SAR)	16000 or more	33	32.4
	1000-5000	29	28.4
	11000-15000	21	20.6
	6000-10000	19	18.6

¹Frequency of the participants.

Table 2 Univariate analysis of World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF domain scores by demographic and clinical characteristics among Saudi cancer survivors

Variable	Category	Environment mean	Physical health mean	Psychological mean	Social mean	Environment P value	Physical health P value	Psychological P value	Social P value
Age (year)	20-25	3.66	3.04	3.7	3.92	0.73	0.34	0.21	0.29
	26-30	2.88	1.83	1.6	2.67	0.73	0.34	0.21	0.29
	31-35	3.26	2.97	3.62	3	0.73	0.34	0.21	0.29
	36-40	3.07	2.91	3.49	3.16	0.73	0.34	0.21	0.29
	41-45	3.24	3.09	3.77	3.49	0.73	0.34	0.21	0.29
	46-50	3.19	2.95	3.16	3.15	0.73	0.34	0.21	0.29
	51-55	3.19	3.07	3.53	3.78	0.73	0.34	0.21	0.29
	56-60	3.32	3.17	3.59	3.43	0.73	0.34	0.21	0.29
	61 or more	3.53	3.19	3.71	3.56	0.73	0.34	0.21	0.29
Gender	Female	3.29	3.02	3.54	3.36	0.88	0.34	0.68	0.64
	Male	3.31	3.14	3.61	3.45	0.88	0.34	0.68	0.64
Is it your house that you live in?	Rent	3.13	3.06	3.63	3.33	0.09	0.91	0.52	0.61
	Owner	3.39	3.05	3.52	3.42	0.09	0.91	0.52	0.61
Level of education	Bachelor degree	3.15	3.02	3.45	3.28	0.21	0.60	0.44	0.17
	Elementary degree	3.54	3.11	3.73	3.89	0.21	0.60	0.44	0.17
	Post-graduate	3.55	3.16	3.79	3.31	0.21	0.60	0.44	0.17
	Primary degree	3.5	3.5	3.8	4	0.21	0.60	0.44	0.17
	Secondary degree	3.25	2.94	3.47	3.8	0.21	0.60	0.44	0.17
Living status	Urban city	3.32	3.09	3.61	3.43	0.09	0.00	0.00	0.02
	Village	2.69	2.12	2.45	2.42	0.09	0.00	0.00	0.02
Marital status	Divorced	3.16	3.04	3.18	3.5	0.74	0.05	0.16	0.93
	Married	3.33	3.12	3.65	3.4	0.74	0.05	0.16	0.93
	Single	3.25	2.67	3.22	3.28	0.74	0.05	0.16	0.93
	Widow	2.92	2.94	3.6	3.22	0.74	0.05	0.16	0.93
Profession/job	Retired	3.44	3.2	3.61	3.42	0.39	0.04	0.28	0.96
	No job	3.15	2.79	3.29	3.41	0.39	0.04	0.28	0.96
	Working	3.27	3.07	3.62	3.37	0.39	0.04	0.28	0.96
What is the chronic disease that you suffer from?	Cardiovascular/heart disease	3.29	3.1	3.69	3.48	0.80	0.20	0.90	0.92
	Cholesterol	3.43	2.85	3.47	3.43	0.80	0.20	0.90	0.92
	Diabetes	3.15	3.17	3.46	3.45	0.80	0.20	0.90	0.92
	Kidney/renal disease	3.12	3.08	3.3	2.83	0.80	0.20	0.90	0.92
	Nuerlogical disease	3.19	2.81	3.58	3.5	0.80	0.20	0.90	0.92
	Respiratory disease	3.21	2.91	3.51	3.2	0.80	0.20	0.90	0.92
	Hypertension	3.44	3.2	3.73	3.4	0.80	0.20	0.90	0.92
Monthly income (SAR)	1000-5000	3.16	2.93	3.27	3.45	0.06	0.28	0.09	0.64
	11000-15000	3.1	3.02	3.52	3.17	0.06	0.28	0.09	0.64
	16000 or more	3.58	3.19	3.73	3.45	0.06	0.28	0.09	0.64
	6000-10000	3.23	3.04	3.75	3.42	0.06	0.28	0.09	0.64

Table 3 Multivariable linear regression of World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF domain scores by demographic and clinical characteristics among Saudi cancer survivors

Predictor	Physical health				Psychological
	Beta	CI lower	CI upper	P value	Beta	CI lower	CI upper	P value
Gender
Male	-0.20	-0.52	0.13	0.23	-0.47	-0.93	-0.01	0.04
Female	-1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Age (year)
26-30	-1.35	-2.58	-0.11	0.03	-2.29	-4.05	-0.53	0.01
31-35	0.00	-0.82	0.82	1.00	0.45	-0.71	1.62	0.44
36-40	-0.16	-0.88	0.56	0.66	-0.11	-1.13	0.90	0.82
41-45	0.07	-0.68	0.82	0.85	0.36	-0.70	1.42	0.50
46-50	-0.13	-0.95	0.68	0.75	-0.14	-1.30	1.02	0.81
51-55	0.03	-0.75	0.82	0.93	0.30	-0.82	1.42	0.60
56-60	-0.02	-0.82	0.79	0.97	0.23	-0.91	1.37	0.69
61 or more	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Level of education
Elementary degree	0.02	-0.72	0.76	0.96	0.92	-0.13	1.96	0.08
Post-graduate	0.24	-0.14	0.61	0.21	0.51	-0.02	1.04	0.06
Primary degree	0.17	-1.00	1.33	0.78	0.03	-1.63	1.68	0.97
Secondary degree	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Marital status
Married	0.15	-0.28	0.58	0.49	0.49	-0.12	1.11	0.11
Single	0.18	-0.53	0.88	0.62	0.97	-0.02	1.97	0.06
Widow	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Village	-1.12	-1.84	-0.40	0.00	-2.00	-3.03	-0.98	0.00
Do you own or rent your current living?
Own	0.01	-0.24	0.26	0.96	-0.23	-0.58	0.13	0.21
Rent	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Employment status	-0.44	-0.93	0.04	0.07	-0.41	-1.10	0.27	0.23
Unemployed	0.13	-0.35	0.61	0.59	-0.45	-1.13	0.24	0.20
Full time job	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Monthly income (SAR)
11000-15000	0.14	-0.30	0.58	0.52	0.55	-0.08	1.17	0.08
16000 or more	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
6000-10000	0.15	-0.30	0.59	0.51	0.96	0.33	1.59	0.00
Chronic diseases
Cholesterol	-0.12	-0.65	0.41	0.66	-0.26	-1.01	0.50	0.50
Diabetes	0.13	-0.35	0.61	0.59	-0.45	-1.13	0.24	0.20
Kidney/renal disease	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Neurological disease	-0.12	-0.79	0.55	0.73	-0.47	-1.42	0.49	0.33
Respiratory disease	-0.19	-0.75	0.37	0.50	-0.48	-1.27	0.31	0.23
Hypertension	0.15	-0.35	0.64	0.56	-0.25	-0.95	0.45	0.48

¹Reference group in the regression model.

Table 4 Multivariable linear regression of World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF domain scores by demographic and clinical characteristics among Saudi cancer survivors

Predictor	Social				Environment
	Beta	CI lower	CI upper	P value	Beta	CI lower	CI upper	P value
Gender
Male	0.00	-0.57	0.57	1.00	-0.32	-0.81	0.16	0.19
Female	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Age (year)
26-30	-1.23	-3.39	0.93	0.26	-1.13	-2.97	0.71	0.22
31-35	-0.55	-1.99	0.88	0.44	-0.04	-1.27	1.18	0.94
36-40	-0.65	-1.90	0.60	0.31	-0.43	-1.49	0.64	0.43
41-45	-0.27	-1.57	1.04	0.68	-0.04	-1.15	1.07	0.94
46-50	-0.45	-1.87	0.98	0.53	-0.12	-1.34	1.09	0.84
51-55	-0.10	-1.48	1.28	0.89	-0.22	-1.39	0.96	0.71
56-60	-0.38	-1.78	1.02	0.59	-0.20	-1.40	0.99	0.73
61 or more	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Level of education
Elementary degree	1.09	-0.20	2.37	0.10	0.51	-0.58	1.61	0.35
Post-graduate	0.16	-0.49	0.82	0.62	0.40	-0.16	0.95	0.16
Primary degree	0.28	-1.75	2.32	0.78	0.17	-1.56	1.91	0.84
Secondary degree	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Marital status
Married	-0.10	-0.86	0.65	0.79	0.39	-0.25	1.03	0.23
Single	0.02	-1.21	1.24	0.98	0.76	-0.28	1.81	0.15
Widow	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Village	-1.01	-2.27	0.25	0.12	-1.04	-2.12	0.03	0.06
Do you own or rent your current living?
Owner	-0.05	-0.49	0.39	0.82	0.05	-0.32	0.43	0.78
Rent	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Employment status
Unemployed	0.18	-0.67	1.02	0.68	-0.41	-1.13	0.31	0.26
Full time job	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Monthly income (SAR)
11000-15000	0.07	-0.70	0.84	0.85	0.24	-0.41	0.90	0.46
16000 or more	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
6000-10000	0.54	-0.24	1.31	0.17	0.47	-0.19	1.13	0.16
Chronic diseases
Cholesterol	-0.10	-1.03	0.82	0.83	0.11	-0.68	0.90	0.78
Diabetes	-0.22	-1.06	0.62	0.60	-0.17	-0.89	0.54	0.63
Kidney/renal disease	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Neurological disease	-0.33	-1.50	0.84	0.58	-0.17	-1.16	0.83	0.74
Respiratory disease	-0.48	-1.45	0.49	0.33	-0.33	-1.16	0.50	0.43
Hypertension	-0.30	-1.16	0.57	0.50	0.05	-0.69	0.78	0.90

-: Reference group in the regression model.