Post-treatment triglyceride-glucose index as survival protective factors in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Figure 1 Distribution of clinical characteristics stratified by gender and survival status. Survival status (survival vs death); age (< 65 years vs ≥ 65 years); Karnofsky Performance Status (70, 80, 90, 100); smoking history (no vs yes); alcohol history (no vs yes); tumor location (cervical, upper thoracic, middle thoracic, lower thoracic, abdominal); clinical stage (I, II, III, IV); radiotherapy dose (< 60 vs ≥ 60); chemotherapy (no vs yes). RT: Radiotherapy; KPS: Karnofsky Performance Status.

Figure 2 Distribution of triglyceride-glucose index stratified by clinical characteristics and gender. A: Pre-treatment triglyceride-glucose index levels across subgroups defined by age (< 65 years vs ≥ 65 years), Karnofsky Performance Status (70-80 vs 90-100), body mass index (< 24 kg/m²vs ≥ 24 kg/m²), and clinical stage (I-II vs III-IV), comparing female (blue) and male (orange) patients; B: Levels across subgroups defined by age (< 65 years vs ≥ 65 years), Karnofsky Performance Status (70-80 vs 90-100), body mass index (< 24 kg/m²vs ≥ 24 kg/m²), and clinical stage (I-II vs III-IV), comparing female (blue) and male (orange) patients. KPS: Karnofsky Performance Status; BMI: Body mass index; postTyG: Post-treatment triglyceride-glucose; preTyG: Pre-treatment triglyceride-glucose.

Figure 3 Restricted cubic spline analysis of the association between triglyceride-glucose-related indices and overall survival. A: Pre-treatment triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index; B: Post-treatment TyG index; C: Post-treatment TyG-body weight; D: Post-treatment TyG-body mass index. HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; preTyG: Pre-treatment triglyceride-glucose; postTyG: Post-treatment triglyceride-glucose; postTyG-BW: Post-treatment triglyceride-glucose-body weight; postTyG-BMI: Post-treatment triglyceride-glucose-body mass index.

Figure 4 Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of overall survival stratified by metabolic parameters before and after treatment. A-D: Survival curves stratified by pre-treatment glucose, pre-treatment total cholesterol, pre-treatment triglycerides, and pre-treatment triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, respectively; E-H: Survival curves stratified by post-treatment glucose, post-treatment total cholesterol, post-treatment triglycerides, and post-treatment TyG index, respectively; I and J: Survival curves stratified by post-treatment TyG-body weight and post-treatment TyG-body mass index, respectively. preGlucose: Pre-treatment glucose; preTC: Pre-treatment total cholesterol; preTG: Pre-treatment triglycerides; preTyG: Pre-treatment triglyceride-glucose; postGlucose: Post-treatment glucose; postTC: Post-treatment total cholesterol; postTG: Post-treatment triglycerides; postTyG: Post-treatment triglyceride-glucose; postTyG-BW: Post-treatment triglyceride-glucose-body weight; postTyG-BMI: Post-treatment triglyceride-glucose-body mass index.

Figure 5 Forest plot analysis of the prognostic value of post-treatment triglyceride-glucose-related indices across subgroups. Quartile 1 served as the reference, with hazard ratios, 95% confidence intervals, and P values presented. Analyses were adjusted for confounding factors including age, gender, Karnofsky Performance Status, smoking/alcohol history, tumor location, and chemoradiotherapy. A: Cox proportional hazards regression for quartiles in the total patient cohort; B: Female subgroup; C: Male subgroup. HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; postTyG: Post-treatment triglyceride-glucose; postTyG-BW: Post-treatment triglyceride-glucose-body weight; postTyG-BMI: Post-treatment triglyceride-glucose-body mass index.