Long-term outcomes of thermal ablation vs surgical resection for single small hepatocellular carcinoma

doi:10.5306/wjco.v16.i11.112212

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Nov 24, 2025 (publication date) through Nov 21, 2025

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology

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2218-4333

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Cohort Study

World J Clin Oncol. Nov 24, 2025; 16(11): 112212
Published online Nov 24, 2025. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v16.i11.112212

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Figure 1 Patient screening flowchart. HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; SR: Surgical resection; TA: Thermal ablation.

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Figure 2 Kaplan-Meier curves for overall survival and recurrence-free survival in the surgical resection and thermal ablation groups. A: Overall survival; B: Recurrence-free survival. OS: Overall survival; RFS: Recurrence-free survival.

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Figure 3 Multivariable Cox regression forest plots for overall survival and recurrence-free survival (thermal ablation as reference). A: Overall survival; B: Recurrence-free survival. OS: Overall survival; TA: Thermal ablation; RFS: Recurrence-free survival; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; AIC: Akaike information criterion.

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Figure 4 Subgroup analysis of overall survival and recurrence-free survival. A: Overall survival for patients aged ≤ 60 years; B: Recurrence-free survival for patients aged ≤ 60 years; C: Overall survival for patients aged > 60 years; D: Recurrence-free survival for patients aged > 60 years. OS: Overall survival; RFS: Recurrence-free survival.

Citation: Gao YM, Tang SK, Luo ZW, Zhi WH, Yan X, Yin X, Bi XY, Han Y. Long-term outcomes of thermal ablation vs surgical resection for single small hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Clin Oncol 2025; 16(11): 112212
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-4333/full/v16/i11/112212.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5306/wjco.v16.i11.112212