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©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Clin Oncol. Sep 24, 2025; 16(9): 109717
Published online Sep 24, 2025. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v16.i9.109717
Published online Sep 24, 2025. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v16.i9.109717
Inflammation and detection: Rethinking the biomarker landscape in gastric cancer
Keykavous Parang, Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, United States
Koosha Paydary, Section of Hematology/Oncology and Cell Therapy, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60607, United States
Author contributions: Parang K designed the overall concept and outline of the manuscript; Parang K and Paydary K contributed to this paper, the writing and editing of the manuscript, and reviewed the literature; all of the authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript to be published.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors have nothing to disclose.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Keykavous Parang, PhD, Full Professor, PharmD, Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA 92618, United States.
Received: May 20, 2025
Revised: July 5, 2025
Accepted: August 1, 2025
Published online: September 24, 2025
Processing time: 127 Days and 5.1 Hours
Revised: July 5, 2025
Accepted: August 1, 2025
Published online: September 24, 2025
Processing time: 127 Days and 5.1 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: This letter evaluates the diagnostic and therapeutic utility of key inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and interferon-gamma, in gastric carcinoma (GC). These molecules are discussed as both biomarkers and drivers of tumor progression and chemoresistance. The discussion situates these markers within a broader inflammatory biomarker landscape that includes IL-10, IL-11, IL-18, C-X-C motif ligand 9, and host genetic factors. The analysis supports the use of multiplex cytokine panels over single markers for GC detection and treatment stratification, and outlines future directions for clinical integration and biomarker-guided therapy.