©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Clin Oncol. Dec 24, 2024; 15(12): 1463-1467
Published online Dec 24, 2024. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v15.i12.1463
Published online Dec 24, 2024. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v15.i12.1463
Advancements and challenges in the treatment of esophageal cancer: A comprehensive review
Grigorios Christodoulidis, Marina Nektaria Kouliou, Department of General Surgery, University Hospital of Larissa, Larisa 41110, Thessalía, Greece
Sara Eirini Agko, Intensive Care Unit, Asklepios Paulinen Clinic Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden 65197, Hesse, Germany
Konstantinos Eleftherios Koumarelas, Department of Emergency Medicine, General Hospital of Larissa, Larisa 41221, Thessalía, Greece
Dimitris Zacharoulis, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Larissa, Larisa GR41334, Thessalía, Greece
Author contributions: Christodoulidis G, Agko SE, Koumarelas KE, Kouliou MN and Zacharoulis D contributed to this paper; Christodoulidis G designed the overall concept and outline of the manuscript; Christodoulidis G, Agko SE, Koumarelas KE, Kouliou MN and Zacharoulis D contributed to the discussion and design of the manuscript; Christodoulidis G, Agko SE, Koumarelas KE, Kouliou MN and Zacharoulis D contributed to the writing, editing the manuscript, and review of literature.
Conflict-of-interest statement: We declare no conflict of interest.
Corresponding author: Grigorios Christodoulidis, PhD, Department of General Surgery, Uni
Received: June 25, 2024
Revised: July 23, 2024
Accepted: October 15, 2024
Published online: December 24, 2024
Processing time: 118 Days and 12.8 Hours
Revised: July 23, 2024
Accepted: October 15, 2024
Published online: December 24, 2024
Processing time: 118 Days and 12.8 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Esophageal cancer remains an aggressive and deadly malignancy, with significant global incidence and mortality rates. The primary histological types, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinom, exhibit distinct geographic prevalence and molecular characteristics. Early detection challenges necessitate advanced systemic treatments. Recent advancements in immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors, combined with traditional therapies, have shown promising improvements in survival rates.