©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Clin Oncol. Jun 24, 2021; 12(6): 404-428
Published online Jun 24, 2021. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v12.i6.404
Published online Jun 24, 2021. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v12.i6.404
Breast cancer: Muscarinic receptors as new targets for tumor therapy
Alejandro Español, Agustina Salem, Yamila Sanchez, María Elena Sales, Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Tumor Biology, CEFYBO CONICET University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
Author contributions: Español A contributed to the writing of the manuscript and collected the data; Salem A contributed to the writing of the manuscript; Sanchez Y contributed to the writing of the manuscript; Sales ME contributed to the writing of the manuscript and collected the data.
Supported by National Agency for Scientific and Technological Promotion (ANPCyT) , No. 2015-2396 .
Conflict-of-interest statement: Authors declare no conflict of interests for this article.
Corresponding author: Alejandro Español, PhD, Research Scientist, Laboratory of Immuno
Received: February 17, 2021
Peer-review started: February 17, 2021
First decision: March 17, 2021
Revised: March 26, 2021
Accepted: June 2, 2021
Article in press: June 2, 2021
Published online: June 24, 2021
Processing time: 123 Days and 11 Hours
Peer-review started: February 17, 2021
First decision: March 17, 2021
Revised: March 26, 2021
Accepted: June 2, 2021
Article in press: June 2, 2021
Published online: June 24, 2021
Processing time: 123 Days and 11 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors should be considered as new targets in breast cancer therapy since they are expressed in breast tumor tissue but not in normal tissue. The addition of muscarinic agonists at low concentrations combined with traditional chemotherapeutic drugs presents promising results. The administration of these combinations in a metronomic schedule is effective to kill tumor cells, reduce tumor invasion and neoangiogenesis. Promising results have also been reported regarding the expression of drug extrusion pumps and the decrease of the cancer stem cell fraction, which would be useful to reduce resistance to traditional chemotherapy and the relapse of breast cancer.