Influence of environmental factors in the development of inflammatory bowel diseases

doi:10.4292/wjgpt.v7.i1.112

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics

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World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther. Feb 6, 2016; 7(1): 112-125
Published online Feb 6, 2016. doi: 10.4292/wjgpt.v7.i1.112

Influence of environmental factors in the development of inflammatory bowel diseases

Evangelia Legaki, Maria Gazouli

Evangelia Legaki, Maria Gazouli, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece

Author contributions: Legaki E performed all the literature searching and wrote the manuscript; Gazouli M designed, wrote and edited the manuscript.

Supported by The Hellenic State Scholarships Foundation to Legaki E.

Conflict-of-interest statement: No conflict of interest to state.

Correspondence to: Maria Gazouli, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Michalakopoulou 176, 11527 Athens, Greece. mgazouli@med.uoa.gr

Telephone: +30-210-7462231 Fax: +30-210-7462231

Received: May 28, 2015
Peer-review started: June 1, 2015
First decision: October 14, 2015
Revised: October 20, 2015
Accepted: December 3, 2015
Article in press: December 4, 2015
Published online: February 6, 2016
Processing time: 245 Days and 15 Hours

Core Tip

Core tip: Epidemiological data, clinical observations and family/ immigrants studies indicate the significance of environmental influence in the development of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). A westernized high fat diet, full of refined carbohydrates is strongly associated with the development of IBD, contrary to a high in fruit, vegetables and polyunsaturated fatty acid-3 diet that is protective against these diseases. Additional factors such as air pollution, psychological factors, sleep disturbances and exercise influence the development and the course of IBD. Epigenetic mechanism like DNA methylation, histone modification and altered expression of miRNAS could explain the connection between genes and environmental factors in triggering the development of IBD.