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Copyright ©The Author(s) 2020. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther. Jun 9, 2020; 11(2): 8-16
Published online Jun 9, 2020. doi: 10.4292/wjgpt.v11.i2.8
Management of gastric outlet obstruction: Focusing on endoscopic approach
Su Jin Jeong, Jin Lee
Su Jin Jeong, Jin Lee, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan 48108, South Korea
Author contributions: All authors equally contributed to this paper with conception and design of the study, literature review and analysis, drafting and critical revision and editing, and final approval of the final version.
Conflict-of-interest statement: Authors declare no conflict of interests for this article.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Jin Lee, MD, Assistant Professor, Internal Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, 875, Haeun-daero, Haeundae-gu, Busan 48108, South Korea. injemed76@naver.com
Received: February 27, 2020
Peer-review started: February 27, 2020
First decision: April 22, 2020
Revised: May 14, 2020
Accepted: May 29, 2020
Article in press: May 29, 2020
Published online: June 9, 2020
Processing time: 101 Days and 22.3 Hours
Abstract

Gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) is a medical condition characterized by epigastric pain and postprandial vomiting due to mechanical obstruction. The obstructions typically involved in GOO can be benign or malignant. Peptic ulcer disease is the most common cause of benign GOO, and malignant causes include gastric cancer, lymphoma, and gastrointestinal stromal tumor. With the eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and the use of proton pump inhibitors, the predominant causes have changed from benign to malignant diseases. Treatment of GOO depends on the underlying cause: Proton pump inhibitors, H. pylori eradication, endoscopic treatments including balloon dilatation or the placement of self-expandable stents, or surgery.

Keywords: Gastric outlet obstruction; Balloon dilation; Metal stent

Core tip: The causes of gastric outlet obstruction are generally divided into benign and malignant. With the eradication of Helicobacter pylori and the use of proton pump inhibitors, the predominant causes have changed from benign to malignant diseases. Treatment of gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) depends on the underlying cause: Proton pump inhibitor, endoscopic techniques, or surgery. In this article, we review the etiology, diagnosis, and current treatment methods of GOO, especially endoscopic techniques.