Hypoalbuminemia as a predictor of mortality in patients with acute cholangitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patients with cholangitis, n (%)/mean ± SD/median (25^th-75^th percentiles)

Ref.	Country	Study type	Sample size (n)	Age	Males/females	Definition of hypoalbuminemia	Incidence rates of hypoalbuminemia	Mortality rates	Type of mortality reported
Acehan et al[19], 2023	Türkiye	Retrospective study	309	77.2 ± 8.0	149/160 (48.2/51.8)	Albumin level	155 (50.2)	27 (8.7)	In-hospital mortality
Comoglu et al[5], 2024	Türkiye	Retrospective study	250	76 (69-82)	125/125 (50/50)	< 3.5 g/dL	63 (25.2)	23 (9.2)	In-hospital mortality
Sun et al[20], 2013	China	Retrospective study	120	66 ± 15.1	83/37 (69.2/30.8)	< 2.5 g/dL	21 (17.5)	6 (5)	30-day mortality
Hunyady et al[21], 2023	Germany	Retrospective study	127	76 (19-87)	93/34 (73.2/26.8)	Albumin level	Not mentioned	45 (35.4)	Not mentioned
Inan et al[6], 2023	Türkiye	Retrospective study	300	77.2 ± 8.0	144/156 (48/52)	Albumin level	Not mentioned	23 (7.7)	In-hospital mortality
Mohan et al[22], 2021	Singapore	Retrospective study	388	83.77 (81.86-85.61)	162/226 (41.8/58.2)	< 2.8 g/dL	Not mentioned	38 (9.8)	In-hospital mortality
Pan et al[23], 2023	China	Retrospective study	506	72.92 (60.86-83.17)	263/243 (52/48)	Albumin level	Not mentioned	71 (14)	In-hospital mortality
Tsuyuguchi et al[24], 2012	Japan	Retrospective study	215	66.7 ± 10.3	138/77 (64.2/35.8)	< 2.8 g/dL	40 (18.6)	9 (4.2)	Not mentioned