Discovering a new paradigm: Gut microbiota as a central modulator of sexual health

Figure 1 Short-chain fatty acids and the gut-brain-sex connection. The intricate interplay between short-chain fatty acid production, sexual hormones, immune signaling, and vagal communication underscores the importance of gut microbiota in regulating mood and sexual function. SCFA: Short-chain fatty acids.

Figure 2 Psychological factors in the relationship between gut microbiota and sexual health. Sexual health is closely linked to the gut microbiota, which regulates hormonal balance and psychological well-being through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. This system influences sex hormone production and metabolism, such as testosterone and estrogen, which are essential for healthy sexual function. Dysbiosis can lead to hormonal imbalances, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, negatively affecting sexuality. Additionally, microbiota impacts psychological health, contributing to issues such as performance anxiety and decreased libido, reinforcing its key role in sexual well-being.