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©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol. Jan 22, 2023; 14(1): 1-11
Published online Jan 22, 2023. doi: 10.4291/wjgp.v14.i1.1
Published online Jan 22, 2023. doi: 10.4291/wjgp.v14.i1.1
Growth hormone and gastrointestinal malignancy: An intriguing link
Rajan Palui, Department of Endocrinology, The Mission Hospital, Durgapur 713212, West Bengal, India
Kalyani Sridharan, Department of Endocrinology, All India Institute of Medical Science, Rishikesh 249203, Uttarakhand, India
Sadishkumar Kamalanathan, Jayaprakash Sahoo, Dukhabandhu Naik, Department of Endo
Author contributions: Palui R and Sridharan K acquired the data and drafted the manuscript; Sahoo J, Kamalanathan S, and Naik D conceptualized the work, supervised the writing, provided intellectual input, and critically revised the manuscript; All authors approved the final version of the manuscript to be published.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Jayaprakash Sahoo, MD, DM, Additional Professor & Head, Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Room 5444, Fourth Floor, Super specialty Block, D. Nagar, Puducherry 605006, India.
Received: November 16, 2022
Peer-review started: November 16, 2022
First decision: December 11, 2022
Revised: December 25, 2022
Accepted: January 17, 2023
Article in press: January 17, 2023
Published online: January 22, 2023
Processing time: 64 Days and 18.3 Hours
Peer-review started: November 16, 2022
First decision: December 11, 2022
Revised: December 25, 2022
Accepted: January 17, 2023
Article in press: January 17, 2023
Published online: January 22, 2023
Processing time: 64 Days and 18.3 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Growth hormone (GH) excess is associated with systemic complications including an increased risk of gastrointestinal (GI) neoplasms. Although most studies show an increased incidence of all GI neoplasms, most evidence is for increased colorectal adenomas and carcinomas. However, recent studies show similar colon cancer-specific mortality rates in acromegaly as compared to the general population. Screening guidelines for acromegaly recommend an initial colonoscopy in all patients with further follow-up recommended for patients with high risk. Most cohort studies do not report any increased risk of GI neoplasms for patients on recombinant GH therapy.