Development of biodegradable radiopaque microsphere for arterial embolization-a pig study

Table 1 Sequential changes of biochemical tests before and after embolization

	Day 0			Day 1			Day 25
	Gelfoam	Embosphere	Microsphere	Gelfoam	Embosphere	Microsphere	Gelfoam	Embosphere	Microsphere
	(n = 8)	(n = 8)	(n = 8)	(n = 8)	(n = 8)	(n = 8)	(n = 7)	(n = 8)	(n = 8)
AST	27.8 ± 15.3	24.4 ± 9.9	29.5 ± 12.3	56.4 ± 30.8a,c	34.9 ± 16.7a	103.0 ± 80.4b	23.1 ± 10.5	30.1 ± 20.6	35.4 ± 10.8
ALT	48.3 ± 23.9	34.8 ± 12.1	44.4 ± 20.6	58.9 ± 20.1	46.4 ± 17.3	51.5 ± 26.7	34.3 ± 19.6a,c	22.8 ± 12.6c	40.8 ± 17.0c
T-BIL	0.38 ± 0.15	0.40 ± 0.23	0.39 ± 0.15	0.29 ± 0.20	0.73 ± 1.00	0.68 ± 0.58	0.40 ± 0.14	0.39 ± 0.22	0.56 ± 0.34
BUN	12.1 ± 11.6	8.7 ± 6.4	8.5 ± 3.5	19.4 ± 9.4	18.3 ± 8.5	16.4 ± 9.2	8.7 ± 7.2	7.2 ± 4.1	10.5 ± 4.6
Cr	0.85 ± 0.19	0.75 ± 0.27	0.81 ± 0.21	0.84 ± 0.17	0.73 ± 0.28	0.86 ± 0.25	1.03 ± 0.26	0.86 ± 0.33	0.91 ± 0.18

^a,cP < 0.05 by one way ANOVA test with LSD post-hoc test. AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; T-BIL: Total bilirubin; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; Cr: Creatinine.

Table 2 Hemodynamic changes of liver before and after embolization

Treatment	Non-embolized	Embosphere	Microsphere	Gelfoam
	(n = 3)	(n = 3)	(n = 2)	(n = 2)
Blood volume1	12.75 ± 0.69	9.60 ± 1.48	9.42 ± 0.24	10.22 ± 1.24
Mean decrease		3.16 ± 0.82	3.33 ± 0.73	2.54 ± 0.82
P value		0.008	0.004	0.021
Time to Start2	11.40 ± 1.57	15.44 ± 2.10	15.91 ± 0.39	15.44 ± 1.74
Mean delay		4.04 ± 1.33	4.51 ± 1.19	4.04 ± 1.33
P value		0.023	0.009	0.023

¹Blood volume estimated by arterial enhancement;

²Time elapsed from contrast injection to the beginning of arterial enhancement; Data was expressed as mean ± SD; P value: Embolized group vs non-embolized group by one way ANOVA test with LSD post-hoc test.