Influence of breathing movements and Valsalva maneuver on vena caval dynamics

Table 1 Venous blood pressures (mmHg)

Inferior vena cava level	Venous pressure	Neutral breathing	Valsalva maneuver	P
Suprarenal	Systolic	11.84 ± 1.55	97.96 ± 30.27	< 0.001
	Diastolic	7.16 ± 1.86	62.92 ± 12.48	< 0.001
	Mean	9.44 ± 1.78	81.08 ± 21.82	< 0.001
Juxtarenal	Systolic	11.64 ± 1.32	96.69 ± 27.01	< 0.001
	Diastolic	7.24 ± 1.64	62.20 ± 11.33	< 0.001
	Mean	9.40 ± 1.44	79.88 ± 19.01	< 0.001
Infrarenal	Systolic	11.28 ± 1.06	88.12 ± 24.09	< 0.001
	Diastolic	6.92 ± 1.19	58.68 ± 11.58	< 0.001
	Mean	8.84 ± 1.03	74.04 ± 16.56	< 0.001