Editorial
Copyright ©2011 Baishideng Publishing Group Co.
World J Radiol. Feb 28, 2011; 3(2): 41-46
Published online Feb 28, 2011. doi: 10.4329/wjr.v3.i2.41
Table 1 Complications related to radiofrequency ablation in atrial fibrillation
Complication type (relative incidence )
Pulmonary veins
Pulmonary vein stenosis (1.5%-42.4%)
Pulmonary vein thrombosis
Pulmonary vein dissection
Lungs and pleura
Pulmonary hypertension (11%)
Pneumothorax (0.02%)
Hemothorax (1.3%)
Heart and pericardium
Pericarditis (3%-4.8%)
Hemopericardium, cardiac tamponade (1%-1.3%)
ST-T wave changes (3%)
Coronary artery spasm
Valvular damage (0.01%)
Other
Stroke (0.28%)
Transient ischemic attack (0.66%)
Pain or discomfort during radiofrequency energy delivery
Systemic thromboembolism (cerebral, retinal, or peripheral) (1.4%-2.6%)
Permanent diaphragmatic paralysis (0.11%)
Hematoma at puncture site (13%)
Cutaneous radiation damage
Arteriovenous fistula (1%)
Indirect
Aspiration-induced pneumonia
Sepsis (0.01%)