Korkmazer B, Kocak B, Tureci E, Islak C, Kocer N, Kizilkilic O. Endovascular treatment of carotid cavernous sinus fistula: A systematic review. World J Radiol 2013; 5(4): 143-155 [PMID: 23671750 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v5.i4.143]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Osman Kizilkilic, MD, Associated Professor, Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Osman Gazi Mh., Paşa Sk, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey. osmank@istanbul.edu.tr
Research Domain of This Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Article-Type of This Article
Mini-Reviews
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Radiol. Apr 28, 2013; 5(4): 143-155 Published online Apr 28, 2013. doi: 10.4329/wjr.v5.i4.143
Endovascular treatment of carotid cavernous sinus fistula: A systematic review
Bora Korkmazer, Burak Kocak, Ercan Tureci, Civan Islak, Naci Kocer, Osman Kizilkilic
Bora Korkmazer, Burak Kocak, Civan Islak, Naci Kocer, Osman Kizilkilic, Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey
Ercan Tureci, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey
Author contributions: Kizilkilic O and Korkmazer B designed the study; Korkmazer B and Kocak B conducted literature research; Korkmazer B wrote the paper; Korkmazer B, Islak C, Kizilkilic O, Kocer N, Kocak B, and Tureci E edited and revised the paper.
Correspondence to: Osman Kizilkilic, MD, Associated Professor, Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Osman Gazi Mh., Paşa Sk, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey. osmank@istanbul.edu.tr
Telephone: +90-212-4143000 Fax: +90-212-4143021
Received: November 30, 2012 Revised: January 30, 2013 Accepted: February 5, 2013 Published online: April 28, 2013 Processing time: 158 Days and 3 Hours
Core Tip
Core tip: Carotid cavernous sinus fistulas (CCFs) are abnormal communications between the carotid arterial system and the cavernous sinus. The clinical presentation of CCFs, which is a direct consequence of elevation in intracavernous pressure and revised flow patterns, mostly comprises of ocular findings. Recent advances in endovascular techniques have resulted in several therapeutic modalities becoming available and the endovascular approach has evolved as the primary treatment option for the management of CCFs. This review provides detailed information about classification, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic modalities, differential diagnosis, indications for emergency treatment, post-treatment follow-up and treatment modalities with emphasis on the endovascular approach in CCFs.
