Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
Predictive value of second-trimester ophthalmic artery Doppler for identifying women at risk for preeclampsia
Rishav Dhiman, Nishant Nayyar, Preeti Takkar, Dinesh Sood, Department of Radiodiagnosis, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra 176001, Himachal Pradesh, India
Ankit Shukla, Department of Surgery, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra 176001, Himachal Pradesh, India
Co-first authors: Rishav Dhiman and Nishant Nayyar.
Author contributions: Dhiman R and Nayyar N contributed equally to the manuscript and are co-first authors. Dhiman R, Nayyar N, Takkar P, Sood D, and Shukla A participated in the design, execution, and analysis of the study; all authors have approved the final version of the manuscript.
AI contribution statement: This manuscript and the responses to reviewers were revised with the assistance of Grammarly and ChatGPT. These tools were used solely for language editing and improving the clarity of the Abstract, Introduction, and Discussion sections.
Institutional review board statement: This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College (Approval No. HFW-H DRPGMC/Ethics/2024/004).
Informed consent statement: All study participants, or their legal guardians, provided informed written consent before study enrollment.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement-checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement-checklist of items.
Data sharing statement: The technical appendix, statistical code, and dataset are available from the corresponding author at
Corresponding author: Ankit Shukla, Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Tanda at Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, Kangra 176001, Himachal Pradesh, India. nkitshukla@yahoo.com
Received: March 13, 2026
Revised: April 30, 2026
Accepted: June 12, 2026
Published online: July 28, 2026
Processing time: 133 Days and 22.2 Hours
Revised: April 30, 2026
Accepted: June 12, 2026
Published online: July 28, 2026
Processing time: 133 Days and 22.2 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Preeclampsia is a leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity in India, with a prevalence of 5%–15%. The ophthalmic artery reflects cerebral hemodynamic changes during pregnancy, and ophthalmic artery Doppler offers a noninvasive method to assess maternal vascular resistance. In this prospective study, transorbital ophthalmic artery Doppler was performed to assess 90 normotensive antenatal women during the second trimester. Doppler parameters were recorded, and participants were followed through the third trimester to monitor the subsequent development of preeclampsia.