Retrospective Study
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World J Radiol. May 28, 2014; 6(5): 210-217
Published online May 28, 2014. doi: 10.4329/wjr.v6.i5.210
Size-specific dose estimates: Localizer or transverse abdominal computed tomography images?
Sarvenaz Pourjabbar, Sarabjeet Singh, Atul Padole, Akshay Saini, Michael A Blake, Mannudeep K Kalra
Sarvenaz Pourjabbar, Sarabjeet Singh, Atul Padole, Akshay Saini, Michael A Blake, Mannudeep K Kalra, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States
Author contributions: Kalra MK designed the research; Pourjabbar S performed the research; Pourjabbar S, Padole A and Saini A analyzed the data; Pourjabbar S, Singh S, Blake MA and Kalra MK wrote the paper.
Correspondence to: Sarvenaz Pourjabbar, MD, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Founders Room 202, Boston, MA 02114, United States. spourjabbar@partners.org
Telephone: +1-617-6434583 Fax: +1-617-6430111
Received: November 8, 2013
Revised: April 17, 2014
Accepted: May 8, 2014
Published online: May 28, 2014
Processing time: 201 Days and 13.2 Hours
Abstract

AIM: To investigate effect of body dimensions obtained from localizer radiograph and transverse abdominal computed tomography (CT) images on Size Specific Dose Estimate.

METHODS: This study was approved by Institutional Review Board and was compliant with Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. Fifty patients with abdominal CT examinations (58 ± 13 years, Male:Female 28:22) were included in this study. Anterior-posterior (AP) and lateral (Lat) diameters were measured at 5 cm intervals from the CT exam localizer radiograph (simple X-ray image acquired for planning the CT exam before starting the scan) and transverse CT images. Average of measured AP and Lat diameters, as well as maximum, minimum and mid location AP and Lat were measured on both image sets. In addition, off centering of patients from the gantry iso-center was calculated from the localizers. Conversion factors from American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) report 204 were obtained for AP, Lat, AP + Lat, and effective diameter (√ AP * Lat) to determine size specific dose estimate (SSDE) from the CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) recorded from the dose reports. Data were analyzed using SPSS v19.

RESULTS: Total number of 5376 measurements was done. In some patients entire body circumference was not covered on either projection radiograph or transverse CT images; hence accurate measurement of AP and Lat diameters was not possible in 11% (278/2488) of locations. Forty one patients were off-centered with mean of 1.9 ± 1.8 cm (range: 0.4-7 cm). Conversion factors for attained diameters were not listed on AAPM look-up tables in 3% (80/2488) of measurements. SSDE values were significantly different compared to CTDIvol, ranging from 32% lower to 74% greater than CTDIvol.

CONCLUSION: There is underestimation and overestimation of dose comparing SSDE values to CTDIvol. Localizer radiographs are associated with overestimation of patient size and therefore underestimation of SSDE.

Keywords: Size specific dose estimate; Computed tomography dose index; Radiation dose reduction; Radiation dose optimization

Core tip: American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) report 204 has proposed a new method, “Size specific dose estimate” (SSDE) to represent more accurate estimations of patient doses. In this study we evaluated the feasibility of SSDE in clinical setting and figured out the shortcomings of the technique. We measured diameters in 50 patients at every 5 cm interval in addition to the maximum, minimum and mid-location on both localizer radiograph and transverse computed tomography (CT) images. SSDE values were calculated based on AAPM report look-up tables. Obtained SSDE values at each level were compared to each other as well as to CT dose index volume.