Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Radiol. May 28, 2022; 14(5): 107-113
Published online May 28, 2022. doi: 10.4329/wjr.v14.i5.107
Investigation of coronoid process hyperplasia using Levandoski analysis on panoramic radiographs
Sule Erdem, Suheda Erdem
Sule Erdem, Suheda Erdem, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Giresun University, Giresun 28200, Turkey
Author contributions: Erdem S developed the protocol and wrote manuscript, collected data and edited manuscript; both authors analysed data, have read and approve the final manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of University Ordu (No: 2021/231).
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
Data sharing statement: Since the retrospective study was conducted, informed consent was not obtained from the patients. No data other than age and gender were recorded.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Sule Erdem, DDS, Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Giresun University, Teyyareduzu, Giresun 28200, Turkey. suledelil92@gmail.com
Received: January 19, 2022
Peer-review started: January 19, 2022
First decision: March 24, 2022
Revised: April 2, 2022
Accepted: April 27, 2022
Article in press: April 27, 2022
Published online: May 28, 2022
Processing time: 125 Days and 19.8 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND

The diagnosis of coronoid process hyperplasia (CPH) is usually based on symptoms and radiological imaging. Because of its similar symptoms, it can be confused with temporomandibular joint diseases. Therefore, an objective and reproducible way of diagnosis should be determined.

AIM

To investigate CPH using Levandoski analysis on panoramic radiographs to determine its prevalence.

METHODS

A total of 300 panoramic radiograph images (600 coronoid processes) were examined. Having measured the Condyle-Gonion (Cd-Go) and Coronoid-Gonion (Cor-Go) distances, the Cor-Go:Cd-Go ratio was calculated for the left and right sides of each image.

RESULTS

There was a statistically significant difference in Cd-Go and Cor-Go distances between male and female participants (P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant relationship between Cor-Go:Cd-Go ratios and gender (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Cd-Go and Cor-Go distances were statistically significantly increased in males on both the left and right sides. The ratio of Cor-Go:Cd-Go was preserved in both genders. The prevalence of CPH was found to be 0.3%.

Keywords: Coronoid process; Hyperplasia; Prevalence; Levandoski analysis; Panoramic radiograph

Core Tip: Coronoid process hyperplasia (CPH) is an abnormal bone elongation. It is usually seen with a mouth-opening limitation. There are various disorders in which limited mouth opening is seen in the differential diagnosis. Therefore, an objective and reproducible radiological method should be used in the diagnosis. Levandoski analysis is a method frequently used for the diagnosis of mandibular and facial asymmetries on panoramic radiographs. However, its use in the diagnosis of CPH is not very common and is not well-known by physicians. One of the aims of this study is to raise the awareness of physicians about Levandoski analysis and CPH.