From joints to vessels: How rheumatoid arthritis therapy alters the fate of the heart

Figure 1 Shared pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and cardiovascular disease. HLA-DRB1: Human leukocyte antigen DR beta 1; SE alleles: Shared epitope alleles; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α; HDACs: Histone deacetylases; Th17: T-helper 17 cells; IL-17A/F: Interleukin-17A/F; ACPA: Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies; RF: Rheumatoid factor; MMPs: Matrix metalloproteinases; RANKL: Receptor activator of nuclear factor Kappa-B ligand; OPG: Osteoprotegerin; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; TXA2: Thromboxane A2; PAI-1: Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; NO: Nitric oxide; ET-1: Endothelin-1; VCAM-1: Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; ACS: Acute coronary syndrome; CRP: C-reactive protein; SAA: Serum amyloid A; PAD enzymes: Peptidylarginine deiminases; F2RL3: Coagulation factor ii receptor-like 3; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; FGF: Fibroblast growth factor.