Emerging risk factors for heart failure in younger populations: A growing public health concern

Figure 1 PRISMA flowchart of the literature selection process.

Figure 2 Impact of environmental factors on heart failure in young populations.

Figure 3 Autoimmune diseases and their impact on heart failure risk in young women.

Figure 4 Long-term cardiovascular effects of coronavirus disease 2019 on heart failure in young individuals. COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019.

Figure 5 Various risk factors for heart failure in young individuals. COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019.

Figure 6 Prevent heart failure and break the risk factor chain in young people.

Figure 7 Treatment strategies for heart failure in younger populations. CRT: Cardiac resynchronization therapy; SCD: Sudden cardiac death; ICDs: Implantable cardioverter defibrillator.