Latsios G, Ktenopoulos N, Koliastasis L, Apostolos A, Kachrimanidis I, Mantzouranis E, Tolis E, Mantziaris V, Skalidis I, Tsalamandris S, Drakopoulou M, Synetos A, Aggeli C, Tsioufis C, Toutouzas K. Role of catheter-based interventions in treating pulmonary embolism. World J Cardiol 2025; 17(10): 111598 [DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v17.i10.111598]
Corresponding Author of This Article
George Latsios, MD, First Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital of Athens, Vasilissis Sofias 114, Athens 11527, Greece. glatsios@gmail.com
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Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
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Minireviews
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This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Oct 26, 2025 (publication date) through Oct 27, 2025
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World Journal of Cardiology
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1949-8462
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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA
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Latsios G, Ktenopoulos N, Koliastasis L, Apostolos A, Kachrimanidis I, Mantzouranis E, Tolis E, Mantziaris V, Skalidis I, Tsalamandris S, Drakopoulou M, Synetos A, Aggeli C, Tsioufis C, Toutouzas K. Role of catheter-based interventions in treating pulmonary embolism. World J Cardiol 2025; 17(10): 111598 [DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v17.i10.111598]
World J Cardiol. Oct 26, 2025; 17(10): 111598 Published online Oct 26, 2025. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v17.i10.111598
Role of catheter-based interventions in treating pulmonary embolism
George Latsios, Nikolaos Ktenopoulos, Leonidas Koliastasis, Anastasios Apostolos, Ioannis Kachrimanidis, Emmanouil Mantzouranis, Elias Tolis, Vasileios Mantziaris, Ioannis Skalidis, Sotirios Tsalamandris, Maria Drakopoulou, Andreas Synetos, Constantina Aggeli, Costas Tsioufis, Konstantinos Toutouzas
George Latsios, Nikolaos Ktenopoulos, Leonidas Koliastasis, Anastasios Apostolos, Ioannis Kachrimanidis, Emmanouil Mantzouranis, Elias Tolis, Vasileios Mantziaris, Sotirios Tsalamandris, Maria Drakopoulou, Andreas Synetos, Constantina Aggeli, Costas Tsioufis, Konstantinos Toutouzas, First Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
Ioannis Skalidis, Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris-Sud, Hôpital Jacques Cartier, Ramsay Santé, Massy 91300, France
Author contributions: Latsios G and Ktenopoulos N contributed equally to the manuscript; Latsios G, Koliastasis L, Skalidis I, and Drakopoulou M were responsible for writing original draft preparation; Latsios G, Ktenopoulos N, and Toutouzas K were responsible for conceptualization; Koliastasis L, Apostolos A, Kachrimanidis I, and Mantzouranis E were responsible for literature review and data curation; Ktenopoulos N, Tsalamandris S, Synetos A, and Toutouzas K were responsible for writing review and editing; Toutouzas K was responsible for supervision and final approval; all authors contributed significantly to the development of the manuscript, read and approved the final version of the manuscript and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest related to the content of this manuscript.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: George Latsios, MD, First Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital of Athens, Vasilissis Sofias 114, Athens 11527, Greece. glatsios@gmail.com
Received: July 4, 2025 Revised: July 22, 2025 Accepted: September 9, 2025 Published online: October 26, 2025 Processing time: 112 Days and 22 Hours
Abstract
Pulmonary embolism (PE) ranks as the third leading cause of cardiovascular-related deaths in Western nations. Patients classified as high-risk (HR)-those exhibiting hemodynamic instability-require immediate interventions to restore blood flow. While intermediate–HR (IHR) individuals remain hemodynamically stable, they face a significant chance of clinical decline and thus need close and continuous observation. Effective risk assessment, mortality prediction, and therapeutic decision-making in these patients rely on a combination of clinical evaluation and imaging studies. Catheter-directed therapy (CDT) has emerged as a promising option, offering the ability to alleviate clot burden and reduce strain on the right ventricle, all while posing a lower risk of major bleeding compared to systemic thrombolysis. The growing adoption of CDT reflects its increasing relevance in PE treatment, especially when managed by specialized PE response teams that ensure individualized, multidisciplinary care. As clinical practices evolve, further studies and robust clinical trials are necessary to clearly define CDT’s role in lowering the risks of complications and death among IHR PE patients. This article explores the current understanding and future direction of managing PE, focusing in the role of catheter-based interventions.
Core Tip: Pulmonary embolism (PE) ranks as the third leading cause of cardiovascular-related deaths in Western nations. Patients classified as high-risk-those exhibiting hemodynamic instability-require immediate interventions to restore blood flow. Catheter-directed therapy has emerged as a promising option, offering the ability to alleviate clot burden and reduce strain on the right ventricle, all while posing a lower risk of major bleeding compared to systemic thrombolysis. This article explores the current understanding and future direction of managing PE, focusing in the role of catheter-based interventions.
