Systematic Reviews
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Cardiol. Aug 26, 2023; 15(8): 395-405
Published online Aug 26, 2023. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v15.i8.395
Use of intravascular lithotripsy in non-coronary artery lesions
Chukwuemeka Anthony Umeh, Ashley Stratton, Tifani Wagner, Shipra Saigal, Krystal Sood, Raghav Dhawan, Cory Wagner, Jessica Obi, Sabina Kumar, Tsung Han Scottie Ching, Rahul Gupta
Chukwuemeka Anthony Umeh, Ashley Stratton, Tifani Wagner, Shipra Saigal, Krystal Sood, Raghav Dhawan, Cory Wagner, Jessica Obi, Tsung Han Scottie Ching, Internal Medicine, Hemet Global Medical Center, Hemet, CA 92543, United States
Sabina Kumar, Department of Cardiology, Mclaren Macomb-Oakland/Michigan State University, Macomb, MI 48043, United States
Rahul Gupta, Internal Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92122, United States
Author contributions: All authors conceptualized and revised the study design; Stratton A, Wagner T, Saigal S, Sood K, Dhawan R, and Wagner C extracted the data; Umeh CA analyzed the data; Umeh CA and Gupta R wrote the first draft of the paper; Ching THS, Kumar S, Obi J, Gupta R, and Umeh CA reviewed and revised the paper; Stratton A led and coordinated the research and writing of the manuscript; Scottie C, Gupta R, and Umeh CA supervised the project; and all authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
PRISMA 2009 Checklist statement: The authors have read the PRISMA 2009 Checklist, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the PRISMA 2009 Checklist.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Chukwuemeka Anthony Umeh, MD, Attending Doctor, Internal Medicine, Hemet Global Medical Center, 1117 E Devonshire Avenue, Hemet, CA 92543, United States. emmyumeh@gmail.com
Received: March 12, 2023
Peer-review started: March 12, 2023
First decision: June 15, 2023
Revised: June 25, 2023
Accepted: July 24, 2023
Article in press: July 24, 2023
Published online: August 26, 2023
Processing time: 162 Days and 3.1 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND

Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) is a novel technique increasingly used for plaque modification and endovascular revascularization in patients with severe calcification and peripheral artery disease. However, much of the available literature on IVL is focused on its use in coronary arteries, with relatively limited data on non-coronary artery use.

AIM

To analyze the safety and efficacy of current IVL use in non-coronary artery lesions, as reported in case reports and case series.

METHODS

We searched EMBASE, PubMed, and Reference Citation Analysis databases for case reports and case series on IVL use in peripheral artery disease. We then extracted variables of interest and calculated the mean and proportions of these variables.

RESULTS

We included 60 patients from 33 case reports/case series. Ninety-eight percent of the cases had IVL usage in only one blood vessel, while four had the IVL used in two vessels (2.0%), resulting in 64 Lesions treated with IVL. The mean age of the patients was 73.7 (SD 10.9). IVL was successfully used in severe iliofemoral artery stenosis (51.6%), severe innominate, subclavian, and carotid artery stenosis (26.7% combined), and severe mesenteric vessel stenosis (9.4%). Additionally, IVL was successfully used in severe renal (7.8%) and aortic artery (4.7%) stenosis. There were complications in 12% of the cases, with dissection being the commonest.

CONCLUSION

IVL has successfully used in plaque modification and endovascular revascularization in severely calcified and challenging lesions in the iliofemoral, carotid, subclavian, aorta, renal, and mesenteric vessels. The most severe but transient complications were with IVL use in the aortic arch and neck arteries.

Keywords: Intravascular lithotripsy; Peripheral artery disease; Non-coronary artery

Core Tip: Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) has emerged as a novel endovascular therapy for treating severe vascular calcifications. In this review of case reports, we assessed the efficacy and safety of IVL in treating calcified lesions in non-coronary artery vessels and the various situations in which IVL was used in these vessels. We found that IVL has successfully facilitated treating severely calcified and challenging lesions in the iliofemoral, carotid, subclavian, aorta, renal, and mesenteric vessels.