Husain K, Suarez E, Isidro A, Hernandez W, Ferder L. Effect of paricalcitol and enalapril on renal inflammation/oxidative stress in atherosclerosis. World J Biol Chem 2015; 6(3): 240-248 [PMID: 26322179 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v6.i3.240]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Kazim Husain, PhD, DABT, Professor, Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ponce School of Medicine and Health Sciences, PO Box 7004, Ponce, PR 00732, United States. khusain@psm.edu
Research Domain of This Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Article-Type of This Article
Basic Study
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Husain K, Suarez E, Isidro A, Hernandez W, Ferder L. Effect of paricalcitol and enalapril on renal inflammation/oxidative stress in atherosclerosis. World J Biol Chem 2015; 6(3): 240-248 [PMID: 26322179 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v6.i3.240]
World J Biol Chem. Aug 26, 2015; 6(3): 240-248 Published online Aug 26, 2015. doi: 10.4331/wjbc.v6.i3.240
Effect of paricalcitol and enalapril on renal inflammation/oxidative stress in atherosclerosis
Kazim Husain, Edu Suarez, Angel Isidro, Wilfredo Hernandez, Leon Ferder
Kazim Husain, Edu Suarez, Angel Isidro, Leon Ferder, Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ponce School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ponce, PR 00732, United States
Wilfredo Hernandez, Department of Biochemistry, Ponce School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ponce, PR 00732, United States
Author contributions: Husain K performed the majority of the experiments, analyzed the data and wrote the paper; Suarez E performed the animal treatments, data recording and analysis; Isidro A performed physiological experiments; Hernandez W performed biochemical data and statistical analysis; Ferder L designed and coordinated the research.
Supported by A research grant from Abbott Pharmaceutical, United States.
Institutional review board statement: The animal protocol was designed to minimize pain and discomfort to the animals. The animals were acclimatized to laboratory conditions (25 °C, 12 h/12 h light/dark, 50% humidity, ad libitum access to food and water) for one week.
Institutional animal care and use committee statement: All procedures involving animals were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of Ponce School of Medicine (Protocol #LF-07).
Conflict-of-interest statement: There is no conflict of interest associated with any of the senior author or other coauthors contributed their efforts in this manuscript.
Data sharing statement: This is a non-clinical study hence the technical appendix, statistical code, and data sets are not available.
Correspondence to: Kazim Husain, PhD, DABT, Professor, Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ponce School of Medicine and Health Sciences, PO Box 7004, Ponce, PR 00732, United States. khusain@psm.edu
Telephone: +1-787-8402575 Fax: +1-787-8413736
Received: January 24, 2015 Peer-review started: January 28, 2015 First decision: March 6, 2015 Revised: May 26, 2015 Accepted: June 9, 2015 Article in press: June 11, 2015 Published online: August 26, 2015 Processing time: 214 Days and 4.7 Hours
Core Tip
Core tip: Although the protective efficacy of vitamin D and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) have been studied in the cardiovascular system of atherosclerotic mice. However this is the first report to investigate the renal protection by paricalcitol and enalapril, alone or in combination in ApoE-deficient atherosclerotic mice. This innovative study clearly shows that vitamin D, ACEI and their combo ameliorated the renal inflammation and oxidative stress in ApoE-knock out animals by depleting the inflammatory and oxidative stress markers as well as restoring the renal antioxidant defense system in atherosclerotic mice. The combination of paricalcitol and enalapril warrants the clinical usefulness in renal atherosclerotic patients.
