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©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Biol Chem. Dec 5, 2025; 16(4): 112376
Published online Dec 5, 2025. doi: 10.4331/wjbc.v16.i4.112376
Published online Dec 5, 2025. doi: 10.4331/wjbc.v16.i4.112376
Intramuscular injection of therapeutic botulinum toxin facilitates blood coagulation in experimental aging mice
Sowbarnika Ravichandran, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
Sowbarnika Ravichandran, Institute of Anatomy, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
Jerly Helan Mary Joseph, Mahesh Kandasamy, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiru
Shanmugaapriya Sellathamby, Department of Biomedical Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
Mahesh Kandasamy, University Grants Commission-Faculty Recharge Programme, New Delhi 110002, India
Co-first authors: Sowbarnika Ravichandran and Jerly Helan Mary Joseph.
Author contributions: Ravichandran S contributed to methodology, data curation, validation, writing, original draft, writing reviewing and editing; Joseph JHM contributed to methodology, validation, writing, reviewing and editing; Sellathamby S contributed to data curation, validation, writing, original draft, reviewing and editing. Kandasamy M contributed to conceptualization, supervision, methodology, data curation, validation, resources, project administration, writing original draft, writing- reviewing and editing.
Supported by The Science and Engineering Research Board, No. SERB-EEQ/2016/000639; The University Grants Commission-Faculty Recharge Programme (UGC-FRP), No. F4-5 (97)/2014; Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA) 2.0, Biological Sciences, Bharathidasan University, No. TN RUSA: 311/RUSA (2.0)/2018; Infrastructure of the Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, UGC-SAP-DRS and DST-FIST; and CSIR-SRF Direct, No. 09/0475(23353)/2025-EMR-I.
Institutional animal care and use committee statement: This work was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee, Bharathidasan University, under the regulation of the Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals, India.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare no conflict of interest in publishing the manuscript.
ARRIVE guidelines statement: The authors have read the ARRIVE guidelines, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the ARRIVE guidelines.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Mahesh Kandasamy, PhD, Assistant Professor, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Palkalaiperur, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India.
Received: July 25, 2025
Revised: August 27, 2025
Accepted: November 14, 2025
Published online: December 5, 2025
Processing time: 132 Days and 13.8 Hours
Revised: August 27, 2025
Accepted: November 14, 2025
Published online: December 5, 2025
Processing time: 132 Days and 13.8 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Botulinum toxin (BoNT), widely known for its therapeutic use in neurological and psychiatric disorders. It may also influence biochemical parameters of blood, including hemostatic processes, as BoNT has been reported to increase platelet count, which, in turn, could play a role in regulating blood coagulation. This study demonstrates that a single mild intramuscular dose of BoNT significantly reduces bleeding time following tail tip transection by enhancing platelet aggregation and promoting robust fibrin clot formation. These findings highlight a novel antihaemorrhagic property of BoNT, suggesting its potential application in managing bleeding complications in trauma, surgical interventions, or haemorrhagic disorders.