Boro A, Jothi Dheivasikamani A, Prabhu Jeyabal Philomenathan A, Manivannan J, Krishnaswamy S, Palanisamy S, Arumugam VA. Study of Tinospora cordifolia stem and Senna siamea leaf and pods: An in vitro therapeutic approach for leukemia. World J Biol Chem 2026; 17(2): 113144 [DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v17.i2.113144]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Vijaya Anand Arumugam, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Maruthamalai Road, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India. avahgmb@buc.edu.in
Research Domain of This Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
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research-article
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Boro A, Jothi Dheivasikamani A, Prabhu Jeyabal Philomenathan A, Manivannan J, Krishnaswamy S, Palanisamy S, Arumugam VA. Study of Tinospora cordifolia stem and Senna siamea leaf and pods: An in vitro therapeutic approach for leukemia. World J Biol Chem 2026; 17(2): 113144 [DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v17.i2.113144]
Arthi Boro, Abidharini Jothi Dheivasikamani, Antony Prabhu Jeyabal Philomenathan, Vijaya Anand Arumugam, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nādu, India
Jeganathan Manivannan, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nādu, India
Sujatha Krishnaswamy, Department of Zoology, Government Arts College, Coimbatore 641018, Tamil Nādu, India
Sampathkumar Palanisamy, Department of Chemistry and Biosciences, Shanmugha Arts, Science, Technology and Research Academy, Deemed to be University, Kumbakonam 612001, Tamil Nādu, India
Co-first authors: Arthi Boro and Abidharini Jothi Dheivasikamani.
Author contributions: Boro A designed and performed the experiments, acquired and analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript; Dheivasikamani AJ and Philomenathan APJ analyzed the data; Manivannan J, Krishnaswamy S, Palanisamy S, and Arumugam VA supervised the study; Boro A and Dheivasikamani AJ played important and indispensable roles in manuscript preparation as the co-first authors; all authors read and approved the final version of the article.
Institutional review board statement: The ethics document is supported by Bharathiar University.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
Corresponding author: Vijaya Anand Arumugam, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Maruthamalai Road, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India. avahgmb@buc.edu.in
Received: August 18, 2025 Revised: September 24, 2025 Accepted: January 28, 2026 Published online: June 5, 2026 Processing time: 292 Days and 18.3 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Tinospora cordifolia (T. cordifolia) Miers is an evergreen and dioecious herb of the Menispermaceae family. Senna siamea (S. siamea) Lam. is a medium-sized tree of the Fabaceae family, and it is known for its nutritional, economic, and medicinal importance.
AIM
To analyze the phytochemicals and enzymes in T. cordifolia and S. siamea and perform an in vitro therapeutic assay.
METHODS
The phytochemical compounds in T. cordifolia stem aqueous extract (TCAE), S. siamea leaf aqueous extract (SLAE), and S. siamea pod aqueous extract (SPAE) were estimated. Activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and ascorbate oxidase was quantified in protein extracts from T. cordifolia stem, S. siamea leaf, and S. siamea pods, and an in vitro therapeutic assay was performed in THP-1 cells.
RESULTS
Quantitative analysis revealed that the total flavonoid content was high in SLAE. The total phenolic compound content was high in SLAE. The total tannin content was high in SPAE. The enzymatic activity of catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate oxidase was high in T. cordifolia stem, and the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase and polyphenol oxidase was high in S. siamea pods. TCAE, SLAE, and SPAE induced THP-1 cell apoptosis due to an increase in reactive oxygen species and a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential activity.
CONCLUSION
T. cordifolia and S. siamea may have therapeutic potential in leukemia, but further clinical studies are needed.
Core Tip: The following study focused on defining the therapeutic properties of aqueous extracts of Tinospora cordifolia stem and Senna siamea pods and leaf in a leukemia cell line. Both plants had therapeutic properties and may be potential treatments for myeloid leukemia, as they induced apoptosis through an increase in reactive oxygen species activity and a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential. The following study was performed in in vitro and needs further in vivo and clinical studies to confirm our observations.
