Impact of indomethacin combined with pancreatic duct stent placement on high-risk populations of pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

Table 1 Comparison of clinical data among the three groups, mean ± SD

Groups	n	Sex		Age (years)
		Male	Female
Indomethacin group	129	68	61	63.8 ± 13.5
Stent group	128	62	67	61.4 ± 12.9
Combined group	129	70	59	61.7 ± 12.7
χ2/F value	-	1.60		0.30
P value	-	0.450		0.74

Table 2 Comparison of related inflammatory factors before and after surgery among the three groups, mean ± SD

Groups	IL-6 (pg/mL)		IL-10 (pg/mL)		CRP (mg/L)
	Before surgery	24 hours after surgery	Before surgery	24 hours after surgery	Before surgery	24 hours after surgery
Indomethacin group	12.3 ± 1.2	58.7 ± 5.3	8.5 ± 0.9	32.1 ± 3.2	5.2 ± 0.6	28.4 ± 2.8
Stent group	11.8 ± 1.1	62.4 ± 5.8	8.2 ± 0.8	35.6 ± 3.5	5.0 ± 0.5	31.7 ± 3.1
Combined group	12.1 ± 1.3	42.6 ± 4.1	8.4 ± 0.7	24.3 ± 2.4	5.1 ± 0.6	19.8 ± 1.9
F-score	0.82	35.67	0.91	28.43	0.75	30.15
P value	0.35	0.008	0.28	0.013	0.41	0.021

IL: Interleukin; CRP: C-reactive protein.

Table 3 Comparison of immune function before and after surgery among the three groups, mean ± SD

Groups	CD4+ (%)		CD8+ (%)		CD4+/CD8+ (%)
	Before surgery	24 hours after surgery	Before surgery	24 hours after surgery	Before surgery	24 hours after surgery
Indomethacin group	42.3 ± 3.1	35.6 ± 2.8	26.5 ± 2.1	31.2 ± 2.5	1.60 ± 0.12	1.14 ± 0.09
Stent group	41.8 ± 3.0	36.2 ± 2.9	26.8 ± 2.0	30.8 ± 2.4	1.56 ± 0.11	1.18 ± 0.10
Combined group	42.1 ± 3.2	39.5 ± 3.0	26.3 ± 2.2	28.1 ± 2.2	1.60 ± 0.13	1.41 ± 0.11
F-score	0.85	18.72	0.78	15.43	0.82	20.15
P value	0.47	0.007	0.52	0.012	0.43	0.005

Table 4 Comparison of postoperative post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis and severe post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis among the three groups, n (%)

Groups	PEP	Severe PEP
Indomethacin group	28 (21.7)	1 (0.01)
Stent group	13 (10.2)	1 (0.01)
Combined group	8 (6.2)	0
χ2	14.63	-
P value	0.0007	0.369

PEP: Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis.

Table 5 Comparison of postoperative pain relief time and length of hospital stay among the three groups, mean ± SD

Groups	Pain relief time	Length of hospital stay
Indomethacin group	18.96 ± 2.87	10.58 ± 1.51
Stent group	16.34 ± 2.15	9.62 ± 1.48
Combined group	14.28 ± 1.89	8.21 ± 1.32
F-score	12.45	15.82
P value	0.0003	0.0001