Endoscopic characterization and development of a prediction model for colorectal adenomatous polyps

Table 1 Endoscopic characteristics of colorectal adenomatous polyps among 75 patients

Main endoscopic characteristics	Number of cases	Percentage
Gross morphology
Elevated	35	46.67
Flat	36	48.00
Depressed	4	5.33
Pit pattern
Type I	41	54.67
Type II	15	20.00
Type III-L	7	9.33
Type III-S	7	9.33
Type IV	5	6.67
Type V	0	0
Surface vascular pattern
Type 1	34	45.33
Type 2A	28	37.33
Type 2B	13	17.34
Type 3	0	0
Size
< 10 mm	60	80.00
≥ 10 mm	15	12.00
Number of lesions
1-2	63	84.00
≥ 3	12	16.00
Location
Left colon	57	76.00
Right colon	18	24.00

Table 2 Univariate analysis of risk factors for colorectal adenomatous polyps, n (%)

Clinical data	Colorectal adenomatous polyp group (n = 75)	Non-colorectal adenomatous polyp group (n = 127)	χ2 or t value	P value
Age			20.054	< 0.001
< 60 years	24 (32.00)	82 (64.57)
≥ 60 years	51 (68.00)	45 (35.43)
Sex			0.061	0.806
Male	40 (53.33)	70 (55.12)
Female	35 (46.67)	57 (44.88)
Smoking			10.129	0.001
No	24 (32.00)	70 (55.12)
Yes	51 (68.00)	57 (44.88)
Drinking			13.467	< 0.001
No	31 (41.33)	86 (67.72)
Yes	44 (58.67)	41 (32.28)
Underlying disease
Hypertension	10 (13.33)	21 (16.54)	0.372	0.542
Diabetes	18 (24.00)	23 (18.11)	2.143	0.143
Coronary heart disease	25 (33.33)	36 (28.35)	0.556	0.456
Hyperlipidemia	13 (17.33)	20 (15.75)	0.087	0.768
Fatty liver	46 (61.33)	37 (29.13)	20.197	< 0.001
Gallbladder polyp	38 (50.67)	22 (17.32)	25.108	< 0.001
Family history of malignancy			0.094	0.342
No	18 (24.00)	27 (21.26)
Yes	47 (76.00)	100 (78.74)
HbA1c			14.993	< 0.001
Normal	15 (20.00)	60 (47.24)
Abnormal	60 (80.00)	67 (52.76)
LDL-C (mmol/L), mean ± SD	2.71 ± 0.30	2.79 ± 0.32	1.757	0.081
HDL-C (mmol/L), mean ± SD	1.26 ± 0.21	1.20 ± 0.24	1.796	0.074
TG (mmol/L), mean ± SD	1.40 ± 0.26	1.35 ± 0.26	1.321	0.188
TC (mmol/L), mean ± SD	4.47 ± 0.58	4.50 ± 0.51	0.384	0.702

HbA1c: Glycosylated hemoglobin; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; TC: Total cholesterol.

Table 3 Value assignment for variables

Variable	Assignment
Age	< 60 years = 0; ≥ 60 years = 1
Smoking	Absence = 0; presence = 1
Drinking	Absence = 0; presence = 1
Fatty liver	Absence = 0; presence = 1
Gallbladder polyp	Absence = 0; presence = 1
HbA1c	Normal = 0; abnormal = 1

HbA1c: Glycosylated hemoglobin.

Table 4 Multivariate analysis of risk factors for colorectal adenomatous polyps

Factor	Β	SE	Wald χ2	P value	OR	95%CI
Age	1.791	0.430	17.378	< 0.001	5.993	2.582-13.908
Smoking	1.115	0.408	7.481	0.006	3.051	1.372-6.785
Drinking	1.894	0.442	18.405	< 0.001	6.647	2.798-15.792
Fatty liver	1.727	0.419	16.971	< 0.001	5.623	2.473-12.787
Gallbladder polyp	1.749	0.432	16.375	< 0.001	5.750	2.464-13.416
HbA1c	1.903	0.467	16.636	< 0.001	6.705	2.687-16.729
Constant	-5.602	0.785	50.926	< 0.001	0.004	-

CI: Confidence interval; OR: Odds ratio; HbA1c: Glycosylated hemoglobin.

Table 5 Diagnostic performance of risk factors for colorectal adenomatous polyps

Factor	AUC	SE	P value	95%CI
Age	0.663	0.040	< 0.001	0.585-0.741
Smoking	0.616	0.041	0.006	0.536-0.695
Drinking	0.632	0.041	0.002	0.552-0.712
Fatty liver	0.661	0.040	< 0.001	0.582-0.740
Gallbladder polyp	0.667	0.041	< 0.001	0.586-0.747
HbA1c	0.636	0.040	0.001	0.559-0.714
Prediction probability	0.886	0.025	< 0.001	0.841-0.938

CI: Confidence interval; AUC: Area under the curve; HbA1c: Glycosylated hemoglobin.