Serum inflammatory biomarkers can predict clinical outcomes in patients with sepsis-associated gastrointestinal dysfunction

Table 1 Clinical data of two groups, mean ± SD/n (%)

Indicators	n	Poor prognosis group (n = 76)	Good prognosis group (n = 41)	χ2/t/Z	P value
Sex				0.656	0.418
Male	77	52 (68.42)	25 (60.98)
Female	40	24 (31.58)	16 (39.02)
Age (years)	117	62.58 ± 7.58	60.59 ± 7.63	1.352	0.179
Body mass index (kg/m2)	117	23.00 (20.00, 25.00)	22.00 (20.00, 25.00)	-0.322	0.748
Smoking history				0.158	0.691
No	57	36 (47.37)	21 (51.22)
Yes	60	40 (52.63)	20 (48.78)
Diabetes				0.779	0.377
No	62	38 (50.00)	24 (58.54)
Yes	55	38 (50.00)	17 (41.46)
Hypertension				0.617	0.432
No	57	35 (46.05)	22 (53.66)
Yes	60	41 (53.95)	19 (46.34)
Infection location				2.145	0.342
Respiratory system	96	60 (78.95)	36 (87.80)
Hematologic system	8	7 (9.21)	1 (2.44)
Others	13	9 (11.84)	4 (9.76)
APACHE II (points)	117	20.50 (15.00, 24.00)	15.00 (11.00, 19.00)	-3.676	< 0.001
SOFA (points)	117	8.46 ± 3.30	6.17 ± 3.46	3.521	< 0.001

APACHE II: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.

Table 2 Correlation between serum inflammatory biomarkers and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Sequential Organ Failure Assessment

Indicators	APACHE II	SOFA
PCT	r = 0.379, P < 0.001	r = 0.350, P < 0.001
CRP	r = 320, P < 0.001	r = 0.376, P < 0.001
IL-6	r = 0.419, P < 0.001	r = 0.392, P < 0.001
IL-10	r = 0.464, P < 0.001	r = 0.220, P = 0.017
TNF-α	r = 0.467, P < 0.001	r = 0.383, P < 0.001

APACHE II: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; PCT: Procalcitonin; CRP: C-reactive protein; IL: Interleukin; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha.

Table 3 Prognostic value of serum inflammatory biomarkers in septic patients exhibiting gastrointestinal dysfunction

Indicators	AUC	95%CI	Cut-off value	Specificity, %	Sensitivity, %	Accuracy, %
PCT (ng/mL)	0.661	0.564-0.759	3.96	40.79	92.68	58.97
CRP (mg/L)	0.672	0.574-0.771	138.0	63.16	70.73	65.81
IL-6 (ng/L)	0.737	0.648-0.827	34.5	57.89	80.49	65.81
IL-10 (pg/mL)	0.773	0.685-0.860	439.5	63.16	85.37	70.94
TNF-α (μg/L)	0.780	0.697-0.864	176.5	67.11	82.93	72.65
Panel	0.906	0.853-0.958	0.68	81.58	90.24	84.62

AUC: Area under the curve; CI: Confidence interval; PCT: Procalcitonin; CRP: C-reactive protein; IL: Interleukin; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha.

Table 4 Multivariate analysis of clinical outcome predictors in septic patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction

Indicators	β	SE	Wald	P value	OR	95%CI
PCT (ng/mL)	0.102	0.078	1.699	0.192	1.107	0.950-1.291
CRP (mg/L)	0.006	0.005	5.742	0.017	1.006	1.001-1.010
IL-6 (ng/L)	0.016	0.009	3.357	0.067	1.016	0.999-1.034
IL-10 (pg/mL)	0.003	0.002	2.366	0.124	1.003	0.999-1.007
TNF-α (μg/L)	0.006	0.002	9.603	0.002	1.006	1.002-1.010
APACHE II (points)	0.027	0.022	1.516	0.218	1.028	0.984-1.074
SOFA (points)	0.074	0.032	5.214	0.022	1.077	1.011-1.148

PCT: Procalcitonin; CRP: C-reactive protein; IL: Interleukin; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; APACHE II: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.