Successful treatment of gastrobronchial fistula following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: A case report and review of literature

Table 1 Literature review of gastrobronchial or gastropleural fistula following bariatric surgery

No.	Ref.	Case number	Type of bariatric surgery	Type of fistula	Treatment	EVT	Episode of postoperative leakage	Interval from bariatric surgery to fistula diagnosis	Closure rate
1	Serra et al[23], 2007	1	LSG	GBF	Endoscopic1	No	Yes	1 month	1/1
2	Campos et al[24], 2007	1	RYGB	GBF	Endoscopic1	No	No	2.5 years	1/1
3	Doumit et al[9], 2009	1	RYGB	GPF	Decortication; bypass; endoscopic1	No	No	3 months	1/1
4	Fuks et al[25], 2009	1	LSG	GBF	Endoscopic1; bypass; lung lobectomy	No	Yes	5 months	1/1
5	Sinna et al[26], 2011	1	LSG	GBF	Bypass; lung lobectomy	No	Yes	5 months	1/1
6	Campos et al[27], 2011	15	RYGB; LSG	GBF	Endoscopic1; primary repair; lung resection	No	NA	6.7 months (1-30 months)	14/15
7	Abraham et al[28], 2012	1	LSG	GBF	Endoscopic1	No	No	20 months	1/1
8	Sakran et al[10], 2012	6	AGB; VBG; LSG; RYGB	GBF	Bypass; lung lobectomy	No	Yes	40 days (15-90 days)	6/6
9	Albanopoulos et al[29], 2013	2	LSG	GBF	Bypass	No	Yes	20 months and 13 months	1/2
10	Alharbi[30], 2013	1	LSG	GBF	Endoscopic1	No	Yes	4 months	1/1
11	Rebibo et al[31], 2014	6	LSG	GBF	Bypass; decortication	No	NA	136 days (99-238 days)	6/6
12	Santacruz et al[32], 2014	1	VBG; DS	GBF	Bypass	No	Yes	4 years	1/1
13	Garcia-Quintero et al[33], 2015	2	SG; RYGB	GPF	Bypass; decortication	No	Yes	1 year and 13 years	1/1
14	Guerrero-Silva et al[34], 2015	1	LSG	GBF	Primary repair; endoscopic1	No	No	14 days	1/1
15	Tabbara et al[35], 2015	1	VBG; SG	GPF	Endoscopic1; bypass	No	Yes	5 months	1/1
16	Guillaud et al[36], 2015	13	VBG; AGB; LSG	GPF	Endoscopic1; bypass; decortication; lung lobectomy	No	Yes	129 days (14-277 days)	13/13
17	Mendoza Ladd et al[37], 2015	1	SG	GPF	Endoscopic1	No	No	8 weeks	1/1
18	Praveenraj et al[38], 2015	1	LSG	GBF	Endoscopic1; bypass	No	No	7 months	1/1
19	Nguyen et al[39], 2016	1	LSG	GPF	Bypass	No	Yes	9 months	1/1
20	Ghanem et al[40], 2017	1	VBG; RYGB	GPF	Endoscopic1	No	Yes	6 months	1/1
21	Al-Shurafa et al[41], 2017	1	Laparoscopic VBG; OAGB	GPF	Bypass; decortication	No	No	2 years	1/1
22	Andrawes and El Douaihy[42], 2017	1	SG; DS	GPF	Endoscopic1	No	No	11 years	1/1
23	Greilsamer et al[43], 2017	1	SG	GBF	Bypass; lung lobectomy	No	Yes	5 years	1/1
24	Alshammari et al[44], 2018	1	LSG	GBF	Decortication; lung lobectomy; bypass	No	Yes	15 months	1/1
25	Ben Nun et al[45], 2018	13	LSG	GBF	Primary repair; lung lobectomy; bypass	No	NA	14 months (7-36 months)	12/13
26	Alghanim et al[46], 2018	1	LSG	GPF	Endoscopic1	No	No	9 months	1/1
27	Takahashi et al[47], 2018	1	AGB; SG; RYGB	GPF	Endoscopic1; bypass; decortication	No	Yes	NA	1/1
28	Al-Lehibi[48], 2019	1	LSG	GBF	Endoscopic1	No	Yes	1 year	1/1
29	Boru et al[49], 2019	3	LSG	GBF	Endoscopic1; lung lobectomy; bypass	No	Yes	33 months (6-84 months)	3/3
30	Saliba et al[50], 2019	1	LSG	GBF	Bypass	No	No	2 months	1/1
31	Mohammed and Arif[51], 2020	1	LSG	GBF	Endoscopic1; primary repair; lung lobectomy	No	Yes	7 years	1/1
32	Gupta et al[52], 2020	1	LSG	GPF	Decortication; primary repair	No	No	9 months	1/1
33	Alharbi et al[53], 2020	1	LSG	GBF	Endoscopic1; bypass	No	Yes	4 years	1/1
34	Sobhani et al[54], 2020	1	LSG	GPF	Bypass	No	Yes	3 months	0/1
35	Marie et al[55], 2020	24	LSG; SG; RYGB	GBF; GPF	Endoscopic1; bypass; decortication; lung lobectomy	No	Yes (67%)	124 days (7-760 days)	23/24
36	Saber et al[56], 2021	1	AGB; OAGB	GBF	Endoscopic1; bypass	No	No	5 years	1/1
37	Sabawi et al[57], 2021	1	LSG	GBF	Bypass	No	No	2 months	1/1
38	Albassam et al[58], 2021	1	SG	GPF	Decortication; lung lobectomy; primary repair; endoscopic1	No	No	5 months	1/1
39	Najjari et al[59], 2021	2	LSG	GBF	Endoscopic1; bypass	No	No	5 years and 6 months	2/2
40	Montana et al[60], 2021	8	LSG	GBF; GPF	Endoscopic1; bypass	No	NA	1-120 days	8/8
41	Sobhani et al[61], 2021	1	LSG; SASI	GPF	Endoscopic1	No	Yes	NA	1/1
42	Odemis and Turan Gökçe[62], 2021	1	RYGB	GBF	Endoscopic1	No	No	4 months	1/1
43	Bestetti et al[22], 2022	1	LSG	GPF	Endoscopic1	No	No	6 months	1/1
44	D’Alessandro et al[63], 2022	40	LSG	GBF	Endoscopic1	No	NA	265.6 ± 521.0 days (7-2307 days)	19/40
45	Gkolfakis et al[64], 2022	1	LSG	GBF	Endoscopic1	No	Yes	4 months	1/1
46	Mongardini et al[65], 2022	1	LSG	GBF	Endoscopic1; autologous stem cell grafting	No	NA	5 months	1/1
47	Koussayer et al[66], 2023	1	AGB; LSG	GPF	Primary repair	No	Yes	6 years	1/1
48	Movahhed et al[67], 2023	1	RYGB	GPF	Primary repair; lung resection; endoscopic1	No	No	1 month	1/1
49	Parkash et al[68], 2023	1	LSG	GPF	Decortication; endoscopic1	No	No	2 weeks	1/1
50	Shahabi et al[69], 2023	1	LSG	GPF	Endoscopic1; bypass	No	No	2 months	1/1
51	Boerkoel et al[70], 2023	1	SG	GPF	Decortication; lung lobectomy; primary repair	No	No	3 years	1/1
52	Shin et al[20], 2024	1	LSG	GBF	Endoscopic1; bypass	Yes	Yes	20 days	1/1
53	Michel Macareno et al[21], 2025	2	SG	GPF	Endoscopic1	Yes	No	NA	2/2
54	Hany et al[71], 2025	1	LSG	GBF	Endoscopic1; bypass; decortication; lung resection	No	No	14 days	1/1
55	Hifni et al[72], 2024	1	LSG	GPF	Endoscopic1; primary repair	No	No	12 years	1/1
56	Hany et al[71], 2025	1	LSG	GPF	Endoscopic1; bypass	No	No	14 days	1/1

¹Endoscopic includes clipping, drainage, cardiac septal defect occluder, stent, over-the-scope-clip, argon plasma coagulation, fibrin glue, etc.

EVT: Endoscopic vacuum therapy; LSG: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy; GBF: Gastrobronchial fistula; RYGB: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass; NA: Not available; AGB: Adjustable gastric banding; VBG: Vertical banded gastroplasty; DS: Duodenal switch; SG: Sleeve gastrectomy; GPF: Gastropleural fistula; OAGB: One anastomosis gastric bypass; SASI: Single anastomosis sleeve ileal bypass.