Perioperative characteristics and outcomes of colorectal cancer in elderly patients

doi:10.4240/wjgs.v18.i1.113040

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Jan 27, 2026 (publication date) through Jan 29, 2026

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery

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1948-9366

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Cohort Study

World J Gastrointest Surg. Jan 27, 2026; 18(1): 113040
Published online Jan 27, 2026. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v18.i1.113040

Table 1 Characteristics and age groups of the participants, n (%)

Characteristics	65-69 years	70-74 years	75-79 years	80-84 years	85-89 years	χ² (df)	P value
Gender
Female	17 (40.5)	10 (23.8)	8 (19.0)	4 (9.5)	3 (7.1)	4.31 (4)	0.382
Male	27 (48.2)	18 (32.1)	8 (14.3)	2 (3.6)	1 (1.8)	4.31 (4)	0.382
Ethnicity
Malay	39 (48.1)	22 (27.2)	12 (14.8)	5 (6.2)	3 (3.7)	4.52 (8)	0.724
Chinese	5 (31.3)	5 (31.3)	4 (25.0)	1 (6.3)	1 (6.3)
Others	0 (0)	1 (100)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
BMI
Underweight	2 (22.2)	3 (33.3)	1 (11.1)	3 (33.3)	0 (0)	25.43 (12)	0.023^a
Normal	28 (45.9)	15 (24.6)	12 (19.7)	2 (3.3)	4 (6.6)
Overweight	14 (56.0)	9 (36.0)	2 (8.0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Obese	0 (0)	1 (33.3)	1 (33.3)	0 (0)	0 (0)
CEA (ng/mL)	73.89 ± 174.25	329.25 ± 1318.30	63.18 ± 136.3	17.17 ± 16.64	4.63 ± 2.14	-	0.603
CKD
No	41 (45.6)	26 (28.9)	14 (15.6)	6 (6.7)	3 (3.3)	2.59 (4)	0.632
Yes	3 (37.5)	2 (25.0)	2 (25.0)	0 (0)	1 (12.5)	2.59 (4)	0.632
Hypertension
No	17 (54.8)	9 (29.0)	3 (9.7)	1 (3.2)	1 (3.2)	2.93 (4)	0.598
Yes	27 (40.3)	19 (28.4)	13 (19.4)	5 (7.5)	3 (4.5)	2.93 (4)	0.598
Hyperlipidaemia
No	35 (47.3)	22 (29.7)	10 (13.5)	5 (6.8)	2 (2.7)	3.60 (4)	0.49
Yes	9 (37.5)	6 (25.0)	6 (25.0)	1 (4.2)	2 (8.3)	3.60 (4)	0.49
Ischaemic heart disease
No	37 (44.0)	23 (27.4)	14 (16.7)	6 (7.1)	4 (4.8)	2.10 (4)	0.753
Yes	7 (50.0)	5 (35.7)	2 (14.3)	0 (0)	0 (0)	2.10 (4)	0.753
ASA classification
Grade 1	5 (50.0)	4 (40.0)	1 (10.0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	21.50 (16)	0.186
Grade 2	29 (50.9)	16 (28.1)	6 (10.5)	4 (7.0)	2 (3.5)
Grade 3	8 (29.6)	8 (29.6)	8 (29.6)	2 (7.4)	1 (3.7)
Grade 4	1 (50.0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (50.0)
Grade 5	1 (50.0)	0 (0)	1 (50.0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Tumour location
Left sided	22 (40.7)	17 (31.5)	9 (16.7)	3 (5.6)	3 (5.6)	17.74 (20)	0.605
Low rectum	9 (56.3)	4 (25.0)	3 (18.8)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Mid rectum	5 (83.3)	1 (16.7)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Multiple	2 (66.7)	1 (33.3)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Right sided	6 (37.5)	3 (18.8)	4 (25.0)	2 (12.5)	1 (6.3)
Upper rectum	0 (0)	2 (66.7)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Adjuvant
No	37 (45.1)	21 (25.6)	14 (17.1)	6 (7.3)	4 (4.9)	15.18 (16)	0.418
Chemoradiotherapy	2 (100)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Chemotherapy	1 (100)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Concurrent chemotherapy	4 (33.3)	7 (58.3)	1 (8.3)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Radiotherapy	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (100)	0	0 (0)

^aP < 0.05.

BMI: Body mass index; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists.

Full Size Table

Table 2 Pathology and age group of the study participants, n (%)

Characteristics	65-69 years	70-74 years	75-79 years	80-84 years	85-89 years	χ² (df)	P value
Preoperative						3.17 (4)	0.558
No	31 (41.9)	23 (31.1)	13 (17.6)	5 (6.8)	2 (2.7)
Yes	13 (54.2)	5 (20.8)	3 (12.5)	1 (4.2)	2 (8.3)
Treatment type						4.79 (8)	0.756
Neoadjuvant	7 (43.8)	7 (43.8)	2 (12.5)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Palliative surgery	1 (33.3)	1 (33.3)	1 (33.3)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Surgery	36 (45.6)	20 (25.3)	13 (16.5)	6 (7.6)	4 (5.1)
Operation type						9.43 (4)	0.046
Laparoscopy	26 (44.1)	21 (35.6)	10 (16.9)	1 (1.7)	1 (1.7)
Open surgery	18 (46.2)	7 (17.9)	6 (15.4)	5 (12.8)	3 (7.7)
PT stage						10.61 (12)	0.544
T1	1 (50.0)	0 (0)	1 (50.0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
T2	10 (50.0)	7 (35.0)	1 (5.0)	1 (5.0)	1 (5.0)
T3	17 (34.0)	16 (32.0)	4 (8.0)	3 (6.0)	3 (6.0)
T4	16 (61.5)	5 (19.2)	1 (3.8)	0 (0)	0 (0)
PN stage						16.83 (8)	0.027
N0	20 (44.4)	7 (15.6)	13 (28.9)	2 (4.4)	3 (6.7)
N1	11 (42.3)	11 (42.3)	1 (3.8)	3 (11.5)	0 (0)
N2	13 (48.1)	10 (37.0)	2 (7.4)	1 (3.7)	1 (3.7)
M stage						4.48 (4)	0.357
M0	11 (37.9)	8 (27.6)	5 (17.2)	2 (6.9)	3 (10.3)
M1	33 (47.8)	20 (29.0)	11 (15.9)	4 (5.8)	1 (1.4)
Stage						11.99 (12)	0.431
Stage 1	3 (42.9)	0 (0)	2 (28.6)	1 (14.3)	1 (14.3)
Stage 2	5 (35.7)	5 (35.7)	3 (21.4)	0 (0)	1 (7.1)
Stage 3	3 (37.5)	3 (37.5)	0 (0)	1 (12.5)	1 (12.5)
Stage 4	33 (47.8)	20 (29.0)	11 (15.9)	4 (5.8)	1 (1.4)
Tumour size (mm)	27.70 ± 25.11	17.80 ± 18.52	24.36 ± 21.22	21.98 ± 12.45	12.81 ± 4.82	-	0.341

Full Size Table

Table 3 Postoperative and age group of the study participants, n (%)

Characteristics	65-69 years	70-74 years	75-79 years	80-84 years	85-89 years	χ² (df)	P value
Gas						35.95 (20)	0.068
No	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (100)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Day 1	21 (45.7)	13 (28.3)	7 (15.2)	3 (6.5)	2 (4.3)
Day 2	13 (40.6)	11 (34.4)	5 (15.6)	3 (9.4)	0 (0)
Day 3	4 (44.4)	3 (33.3)	1 (11.1)	0 (0)	1 (11.1)
Day 4	6 (66.7)	1 (11.1)	2 (22.2)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Day 5	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (100)
Stool						34.23 (28)	0.194
No	0 (0)	1 (50.0)	1 (50.0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Day 1	13 (39.4)	10 (30.3)	7 (21.2)	1 (3.0)	2 (6.1)
Day 2	12 (60.0)	7 (35.0)	1 (5.0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Day 3	7 (46.7)	3 (20.0)	4 (26.7)	1 (6.7)	0 (0)
Day 4	4 (50.0)	2 (25.0)	0 (0)	2 (25.0)	0 (0)
Day 5	4 (40.0)	3 (30.0)	2 (20.0)	1 (10.0)	0 (0)
Day 6	2 (50.0)	1 (25.0)	1 (25.0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Day 7	2 (33.3)	1 (16.7)	0 (0)	1 (16.7)	2 (33.3)
Oral feeding						23.27 (16)	0.217
No	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (100)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Day 1	37 (44.6)	24 (28.9)	14 (16.9)	4 (4.8)	4 (4.8)
Day 2	6 (50.0)	4 (33.3)	1 (8.3)	1 (8.3)	0 (0)
Day 5	1 (100)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Day 6	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (100)	0 (0)
Postop stay (day)	9.75 ± 11.26	9.14 ± 6.56	12.31 ± 21.93	6.17 ± 1.33	7.00 ± 2.45	-	0.828
Postop complication						16.88 (24)	0.775
Grade 1	31 (44.3)	20 (28.6)	11 (15.7)	6 (8.6)	2 (2.9)
Grade 2	4 (57.1)	2 (28.6)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (14.3)
Grade 3	1 (33.3)	1 (33.3)	1 (33.3)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Grade 3a	0 (0)	1 (100)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Grade 3b	4 (80.0)	1 (20.0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Grade 4b	1 (100)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Grade 5	3 (27.3)	3 (27.3)	4 (36.4)	0 (0)	1 (9.1)
Reoperation						3.18 (4)	0.535
No	39 (42.9)	26 (28.6)	16 (17.6)	6 (6.6)	4 (4.4)
Yes	5 (71.4)	2 (28.6)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Adjuvant treatment						13.81 (4)	0.006
No	9 (29.0)	8 (25.8)	10 (32.3)	1 (3.2)	3 (9.7)
Yes	35 (52.2)	20 (29.9)	6 (9.0)	5 (7.5)	1 (1.5)
Recurrence						4.52 (4)	0.358
No	22 (40.0)	14 (25.5)	11 (20.0)	5 (9.1)	3 (5.5)
Yes	22 (51.2)	14 (32.6)	5 (11.6)	1 (2.3)	1 (2.3)
Follow-up						4.81 (4)	0.316
No	29 (43.9)	16 (24.2)	12 (18.2)	6 (9.1)	3 (4.5)
Survive	15 (46.9)	12 (37.5)	4 (12.5)	0 (0)	1 (3.1)

Full Size Table

Table 4 Factors associated with survival after follow-up

Variable	aOR (95%CI)	Wald	P value
BMI
Underweight	1
Normal	0.75 (0.13-4.44)	0.1	0.752
Overweight	11.22 (1.57-80.31)	5.797	0.016
Obese	0.76 (0.04-16.21)	0.03	0.862
Ischaemic heart disease
No	1
Yes	0.07 (0.01-0.74)	4.919	0.027
M stage
M0	1
M1	0.24 (0.08-0.75)	6.013	0.014

aOR: Adjusted odds ratio; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; BMI: Body mass index.

Full Size Table

Citation: Sultan A, Zakaria Z, Riaz S, Goni MD, Zakaria AD. Perioperative characteristics and outcomes of colorectal cancer in elderly patients. World J Gastrointest Surg 2026; 18(1): 113040
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9366/full/v18/i1/113040.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.v18.i1.113040