Proton beam therapy for esophageal cancer compared to existing treatments, including X-ray therapy and surgery

Table 1 Toxicities of previous reports which compared X-ray therapy and proton beam therapy (%)

Ref.	Modality	G ≥ 3 pericardial effusion	G ≥ 3 pneumonia	G ≥ 3 pleural effusion	G4 lymphocytopenia
Makishima et al[17]	3DCRT	0	5.3	5.3	-
	PBT	0	0	0	-
Shiraishi et al[19]	IMRT	-	-	-	40
	PBT	-	-	-	18
Choi et al[25]	IMRT	-	-	-	12.5
	PBT	-	-	-	20.0
Xi et al[28]	IMRT	2.4	2.9	1.9	-
	PBT	0.8	1.6	0.8	-
Lin et al[30]	IMRT	2	3	10	-
	PBT	0	0	2	-
Wang et al[32]	IMRT	-	-	-	52.5
	PBT	-	-	-	27.3
	PBT	0	-	0	40.7
Fang et al[33]	IMRT	-	-	-	60.5
	PBT	-	-	-	39.5
Routman et al[37]	XRT	-	-	-	60
	PBT	-	-	-	40
Zhu et al[38]	IMRT	-	-	-	46.2
	PBT	-	-	-	22.0

3DCRT: 3-dimetional conformal radiotherapy; G: Grade; IMRT: Intensity modulated radiotherapy; PBT: Proton beam therapy; XRT: X-ray therapy including both 3-dimetional conformal radiotherapy and intensity modulated radiotherapy.

Table 2 Clinical results of previous reports in which clinical data were reported in the text

Ref.	Modality	Definitive settings (%)	Number of patients	Median follow up (months)	OS (%)					PFS (%)
					1 year	1.5 years	2 years	3 years	5 years	1 years	2 years	3 years	5 years
Choi et al[25]	3DCRT	0	16	17.0	-	-	67.8	-	-	-	33.3	-	-
	PBT	0	15	17.0	-	-	68.6	-	-	-	34.5	-	-
Xi et al[28]	3DCRT	100	41	65.1	-	-		-	31.6	-	-	-	20.4
	PBT	100	132	44.8	-	-		-	41.6	-	-	-	34.9
Bhangoo et al[27]	IMRT	28	32	14	71	-	-	-	-	45	-	-	-
	PBT	19	32	10	74	-	-	-	-	71	-	-	-
Lin et al[30]	IMRT	50.8	61	44.1	-	-	-	50.8	-	-	-	44.8	-
	PBT	54.3	46	44.1	-	-	-	51.2	-	-	-	44.5	-
Sumiya et al[36]	3DCRT (all)	100	15	-	-	-	47.7	-	-	-	-	-	-
	PBT (all)	100	54	-	-	-	77.2	-	-		-	-	-
	3DCRT (≥ stage 2)	100	14	-	-	-	41.1	-	-	-	-	-	-
	PBT (≥ stage 2)	100	31	-	-	-	68.9	-	-		-	-	-
DeCesaris et al[40]	IMRT	0	36	-	-	59	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	PBT	0	18	-	-	83	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

3DCRT: 3-dimetional conformal radiotherapy; IMRT: Intensity modulated radiotherapy; PBT: Proton beam therapy; PFS: Progression free survival; OS: Overall survival.