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©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Jul 27, 2025; 17(7): 106712
Published online Jul 27, 2025. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v17.i7.106712
Published online Jul 27, 2025. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v17.i7.106712
Table 1 Baseline data
Baseline date | Control group | Case group | P value | |
Age (years) | 45.0 (29.50-64.0) | 47.0 (35.0-58.0) | 0.689 | |
Sex, n (%) | Male | 30 (73.2) | 33 (75.0) | 1.000 |
Female | 11 (26.8) | 11(25.0) | ||
Height (cm) | 170.0 (159.50-176.0) | 171.0 (165.0-176.0) | 0.178 | |
Weight (kg), mean ± SD | 68.60 ± 12.76 | 71.35 ± 18.89 | 0.533 | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.77 (23.04-25.81) | 24.68 (22.22-26.81) | 0.874 |
Table 2 Clinical manifestations, n (%)
Clinical manifestations | Classifications | Control group | Case group | P value |
Abdominal pain | Yes | 38 (92.7) | 41 (93.2) | 1.000 |
No | 3 (7.3) | 3 (6.8) | ||
Fever | Yes | 11 (26.8) | 12 (27.3) | 1.000 |
No | 30 (73.2) | 32 (72.7) | ||
Jaundice | Yes | 17 (41.5) | 30 (68.2) | 0.017 |
No | 24 (58.5) | 14 (31.8) | ||
History of biliary tract disease | Yes | 18 (43.9) | 20 (45.5) | 1.000 |
No | 23 (56.1) | 24 (54.5) | ||
History of biliary surgery | Yes | 7 (17.1) | 9 (20.5) | 0.785 |
No | 34 (82.9) | 35 (79.5) |
Table 3 Laboratory indicators, mean ± SD
Laboratory indicators | Control group | Case group | P value |
RBC (× 1012/L) | 4.66 ± 0.48 | 4.70 ± 0.72 | 0.859 |
Hb (g/L) | 139.75 ± 17.97 | 137.58 ± 24.0 | 0.127 |
WBC (× 109/L) | 7.99 (7.17-11.55) | 7.19 (5.89-10.71) | 0.075 |
PLT (× 109/L) | 228.0 (203.50-269.0) | 223.0 (175.0-249.0) | 0.926 |
N% | 79.08 ± 12.05 | 79.90 ± 11.08 | 0.716 |
N (× 109/L) | 6.66 (4.86-10.06) | 5.95 (4.35-5.95) | 0.115 |
INR | 1.13 (1.05-1.18) | 1.18 (1.09-1.22) | 0.062 |
ALT (U/L) | 242.0 (134.0-434.0) | 260.50 (162.0-525.0) | 0.316 |
AST (U/L) | 185.50 (74.0-387.0) | 114.50 (61.0-515.0) | 0.656 |
ALP (U/L) | 181.0 (123.0-220.0) | 182.0 (138.0-316.0) | 0.007 |
TBIL (μmol/L) | 60.95 (44.15-124.85) | 112.35 (52.70-154.30) | 0.025 |
TP (g/L) | 78.43 ± 7.48 | 75.64 ± 9.83 | 0.957 |
ALB (g/L) | 43.57 ± 4.96 | 40.99 ± 6.71 | 0.174 |
GGT (U/L) | 440.50 (263.0-557.0) | 357.0 (263.0-442.0) | 0.180 |
CR (μmol/L) | 66.50 (53.50-87.50) | 62.0 (55.00 -80.0) | 0.526 |
BUN (mmol/L) | 4.00 (2.65-5.25) | 3.06 (2.52-4.41) | 0.181 |
UA (μmol/L) | 300.50 (236.5-381.5) | 254.0 (170.0-349.0) | 0.071 |
AMY (U/L) | 126.0 (87.50-772.50) | 68.50 (55.0-82.0) | < 0.001 |
Table 4 Surgery-related indicators, n (%)
Surgery-related information | Classifications | Control group | Case group | P value |
ERCP success rate | Success | 9 (81.8) | 4 (25.0) | 0.006 |
Fail | 2 (18.2) | 12 (75.0) | ||
LCBDE success rate | Success | 30 (93.8) | 24 (69.4) | 0.007 |
Fail | 2 (6.3) | 13 (35.1) | ||
Duration of surgery (minutes), mean ± SD | - | 106.15 ± 35.21 | 148.04 ± 60.55 | 0.001 |
Surgical bleeding (mL) | - | 10.0 (10.0-20.0) | 25.0 (20.0-50.0) | < 0.001 |
T tube | Yes | 10 (31.3) | 23 (62.2) | 0.016 |
No | 22 (68.8) | 14 (37.8) | ||
Lithotripsy techniques | Yes | 0 | 11(29.7) | 0.001 |
No | 32 (100) | 26 (70.3) | ||
Length of hospital stay (days) | - | 8.0 (6.0-11.50) | 8.50 (7.0-12.0) | 0.302 |
Length of postoperative hospital stay (days) | - | 5.50 (3.0-6.50) | 6.50 (5.0-9.0) | 0.002 |
Table 5 Radiological indices
Radiological indices | Classifications | Control group | Case group | P value |
Percentage of narrowing of the proximal and distal bile duct | - | 0% (0.0-20.54) | 72.08% (62.50-77.78) | < 0.001 |
Intrahepatic bile duct dilation | Yes | 37 (90.2) | 43 (97.7) | 0.192 |
No | 4 (9.8) | 1 (2.3) | ||
Proximal bile duct diameter (mm) | - | 7.95 ± 2.76 | 11.65 ± 2.83 | < 0.001 |
Distal bile duct diameter (mm) | - | 9.0 (6.50-10.50) | 3.0 (2.0-4.0) | < 0.001 |
Presence of a gallbladder | Yes | 36 (87.8) | 41 (93.2) | 0.474 |
No | 5 (12.2) | 3 (6.8) | ||
Stone diameter (mm) | - | 7.50 (6.0-8.0) | 8.0 (6.0-10.0) | 0.002 |
- Citation: Zhao XY, Chen M, Wang G, Cui L, Xu Z, Hou CS, Wang LX, Zhang LF, Ling XF. Ice-breaking sign: A radiological sign influencing the treatment strategies for choledocholithiasis. World J Gastrointest Surg 2025; 17(7): 106712
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9366/full/v17/i7/106712.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.v17.i7.106712