Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Jul 27, 2025; 17(7): 106712
Published online Jul 27, 2025. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v17.i7.106712
Table 1 Baseline data
Baseline date
Control group
Case group
P value
Age (years)45.0 (29.50-64.0)47.0 (35.0-58.0)0.689
Sex, n (%)Male30 (73.2)33 (75.0)1.000
Female11 (26.8)11(25.0)
Height (cm)170.0 (159.50-176.0)171.0 (165.0-176.0)0.178
Weight (kg), mean ± SD68.60 ± 12.7671.35 ± 18.890.533
BMI (kg/m2)24.77 (23.04-25.81)24.68 (22.22-26.81)0.874
Table 2 Clinical manifestations, n (%)
Clinical manifestationsClassificationsControl groupCase groupP value
Abdominal painYes38 (92.7)41 (93.2)1.000
No3 (7.3)3 (6.8)
FeverYes11 (26.8)12 (27.3)1.000
No30 (73.2)32 (72.7)
JaundiceYes17 (41.5)30 (68.2)0.017
No24 (58.5)14 (31.8)
History of biliary tract diseaseYes18 (43.9)20 (45.5)1.000
No23 (56.1)24 (54.5)
History of biliary surgeryYes7 (17.1)9 (20.5)0.785
No34 (82.9)35 (79.5)
Table 3 Laboratory indicators, mean ± SD
Laboratory indicators
Control group
Case group
P value
RBC (× 1012/L)4.66 ± 0.484.70 ± 0.720.859
Hb (g/L)139.75 ± 17.97137.58 ± 24.00.127
WBC (× 109/L)7.99 (7.17-11.55)7.19 (5.89-10.71)0.075
PLT (× 109/L)228.0 (203.50-269.0)223.0 (175.0-249.0)0.926
N%79.08 ± 12.0579.90 ± 11.080.716
N (× 109/L)6.66 (4.86-10.06)5.95 (4.35-5.95)0.115
INR1.13 (1.05-1.18)1.18 (1.09-1.22)0.062
ALT (U/L)242.0 (134.0-434.0)260.50 (162.0-525.0)0.316
AST (U/L)185.50 (74.0-387.0)114.50 (61.0-515.0)0.656
ALP (U/L)181.0 (123.0-220.0)182.0 (138.0-316.0)0.007
TBIL (μmol/L)60.95 (44.15-124.85)112.35 (52.70-154.30)0.025
TP (g/L)78.43 ± 7.4875.64 ± 9.830.957
ALB (g/L)43.57 ± 4.9640.99 ± 6.710.174
GGT (U/L)440.50 (263.0-557.0)357.0 (263.0-442.0)0.180
CR (μmol/L)66.50 (53.50-87.50)62.0 (55.00 -80.0)0.526
BUN (mmol/L)4.00 (2.65-5.25)3.06 (2.52-4.41)0.181
UA (μmol/L)300.50 (236.5-381.5)254.0 (170.0-349.0)0.071
AMY (U/L)126.0 (87.50-772.50)68.50 (55.0-82.0)< 0.001
Table 4 Surgery-related indicators, n (%)
Surgery-related information
Classifications
Control group
Case group
P value
ERCP success rateSuccess9 (81.8)4 (25.0)0.006
Fail2 (18.2)12 (75.0)
LCBDE success rateSuccess30 (93.8)24 (69.4)0.007
Fail2 (6.3)13 (35.1)
Duration of surgery (minutes), mean ± SD-106.15 ± 35.21148.04 ± 60.550.001
Surgical bleeding (mL)-10.0 (10.0-20.0)25.0 (20.0-50.0)< 0.001
T tubeYes10 (31.3)23 (62.2)0.016
No22 (68.8)14 (37.8)
Lithotripsy techniquesYes0 11(29.7)0.001
No32 (100)26 (70.3)
Length of hospital stay (days)-8.0 (6.0-11.50)8.50 (7.0-12.0)0.302
Length of postoperative hospital stay (days)-5.50 (3.0-6.50)6.50 (5.0-9.0)0.002
Table 5 Radiological indices
Radiological indices
Classifications
Control group
Case group
P value
Percentage of narrowing of the proximal and distal bile duct-0% (0.0-20.54)72.08% (62.50-77.78)< 0.001
Intrahepatic bile duct dilationYes37 (90.2)43 (97.7)0.192
No4 (9.8)1 (2.3)
Proximal bile duct diameter (mm)-7.95 ± 2.7611.65 ± 2.83< 0.001
Distal bile duct diameter (mm)-9.0 (6.50-10.50)3.0 (2.0-4.0)< 0.001
Presence of a gallbladderYes36 (87.8)41 (93.2)0.474
No5 (12.2)3 (6.8)
Stone diameter (mm)-7.50 (6.0-8.0)8.0 (6.0-10.0)0.002