Prediction of perioperative complications in colorectal cancer via artificial intelligence analysis of heart rate variability

Table 1 Patient characteristics, n (%)/mean ± SD

Parameters	Perioperative complications	Non-perioperative complications	P value
Gender
Male	8 (14.5)	47 (85.5)	0.892
Female	5 (15.6)	27 (84.4)
Age	61.85 ± 13.48	61.24 ± 10.70	0.857
BMI	22.54 ± 1.48	24.33 ± 3.20	0.052
Underlying illnesses
Heart disease	1 (6.8)	5 (7.7)	0.444
Hypertension	2 (40.5)	30 (15.4)
Diabetes	1 (7.7)	12 (16.2)
Lung disease	0 (0)	1 (1.4)
Nervous system disease	0 (0)	1 (1.4)
Preoperative levels
White blood cell (109/L)	6.35 ± 1.97	5.52 ± 1.75	0.130
Albumin (g/L)	39.35 ± 3.32	37.53 ± 4.62	0.329
Hb (g/L)	125.54 ± 19.54	122.55 ± 23.60	0.668
Surgical excision sites
TME	5 (41.7)	27 (36.5)	0.56
Anterior resection	4 (33.3)	15 (20.3)
Sigmoidectomy	0 (0)	6 (8.1)
Left hemicolectomy	1 (8.3)	3 (4.1)
Right hemicolectomy	2 (16.7)	23 (31.1)
ASA Score
1	3 (23.1)	18 (24.3)	0.936
2	7 (53.8)	36 (48.6)
3	3 (23.1)	20 (27.0)
Stage of cancer
0	0	1 (1.5%)	0.719
I	2 (15.4)	14 (20.6)
II	4 (30.8)	29 (42.6)
III	7 (53.8)	23 (33.8)
IV	0(0)	1 (1.5)

BMI: Body mass index; TME: Total mesorectal excision; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists.

Table 2 Statistics of inflammation-related parameters between the two groups, mean ± SD

Parameters		Perioperative complications	Non-perioperative complications	P value
Pre	WBC (109/L)	6.35 ± 1.97	5.52 ± 1.75	0.130
	CRP (mg/L)	1.97 ± 2.25	5.84 ± 11.91	0.291
	Albumin (g/L)	39.35 ± 3.32	37.53 ± 4.62	0.329
	Hb (g/L)	125.54 ± 19.54	122.55 ± 23.60	0.668
Pod1	WBC (109/L)	10.87 ± 3.20	11.45 ± 3.61	0.589
	CRP (mg/L)	46.37 ± 80.47	25.48 ± 27.46	0.088
	Albumin (g/L)	32.09 ± 10.53	37.53 ± 4.62	0.003b
	Hb (g/L)	122.15 ± 14.77	115.17 ± 20.96	0.253
Pod2	WBC (109/L)	9.20 ± 2.75	8.38 ± 2.86	0.338
	CRP (mg/L)	73.66 ± 81.07	36.56 ± 41.77	0.017b
	Albumin (g/L)	33.97 ± 7.52	39.27 ± 4.23	0.001c
	Hb (g/L)	116.31 ± 16.04	113.78 ± 21.90	0.692
Pod3	WBC (109/L)	8.31 ± 3.04	6.76 ± 2.01	0.037a
	CRP (mg/L)	89.50 ± 86.65	16.35 ± 16.04	< 0.001c
	Albumin (g/L)	37.15 ± 6.31	38.97 ± 6.96	0.414
	Hb (g/L)	114.00 ± 16.20	119.87 ± 18.90	0.328

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

^cP < 0.001, the non-perioperative complication group group vs the perioperative complication group.

Pre: Preoperative day; Pod: Postoperative day; WBC: White blood cell; CRP: C-reactive protein; Hb: Hemoglobin.