Correlation of hypercalcemia with kidney stone formation and calcium-regulating hormone changes in patients with acute pancreatitis

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants, n (%)/median (interquartile range)

Characteristic	Value
Age (years), mean ± SD	52.3 ± 15.7
Sex
Male	112 (60.5)
Female	73 (39.5)
Etiology of AP
Gallstone	98 (53.0)
Alcohol	52 (28.1)
Hypertriglyceridemia	18 (9.7)
Idiopathic	12 (6.5)
Other	5 (2.7)
Severity of AP (revised Atlanta classification)
Mild	119 (64.3)
Moderately severe	48 (25.9)
Severe	18 (9.8)
APACHE II score at admission	8 (5-12)
Serum amylase (U/L)	875 (450-1680)
Serum lipase (U/L)	1250 (680-2450)

AP: Acute pancreatitis; APACHE II: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II.

Table 2 Changes in calcium-regulating hormone levels, mean ± SD

Hormone	Day 0	Day 1	Day 3	Day 5	Day 7	P value1
PTH (pg/mL)	38.5 ± 15.2	52.7 ± 22.3	68.9 ± 30.1	59.4 ± 25.8	47.2 ± 18.6	< 0.001
Calcitonin (pg/mL)	5.2 ± 2.1	7.8 ± 3.5	9.1 ± 4.2	7.5 ± 3.3	6.1 ± 2.5	< 0.001
25(OH)D (ng/mL)	22.7 ± 8.9	21.5 ± 8.3	19.8 ± 7.6	20.3 ± 7.9	21.9 ± 8.5	0.032
1,25(OH)2D (pg/mL)	38.9 ± 12.7	42.3 ± 14.5	48.7 ± 17.2	45.1 ± 15.8	41.2 ± 13.9	< 0.001

¹P values were calculated using repeated-measures ANOVA.

PTH: Parathyroid hormone; 25(OH)D: 25-hydroxyvitamin D; 1,25(OH)2D: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.

Table 3 Incidence of hypercalcemia and kidney stone formation by acute pancreatitis severity, n (%)

AP severity	Hypercalcemia	Kidney stones
Mild (n = 119)	25 (21.0)	13 (10.9)
Moderately severe (n = 48)	18 (37.5)	12 (25.0)
Severe (n = 18)	10 (55.6)	6 (33.3)
P value1	< 0.001	0.003

¹P values were calculated using the χ² test.

AP: Acute pancreatitis.