Risk factors for esophageal pain after peroral endoscopic myotomy under general anesthesia: A retrospective study

Table 1 Basic characteristics of the groups with and without post-peroral endoscopic myotomy pain

	No pain (n = 90)	Pain (n = 33)	χ2/Z	P value
Sex				0.534
Male	34 (37.8)	15 (45.5)
Female	56 (62.2)	18 (54.5)
Age (years)	49 ± 17	46 ± 15	16.311	0.453
BMI (kg/m2)	21.0 ± 3.3	20.4 ± 3.6	0.002	0.343
Preoperative anxiety status	44 (48.9)	28 (84.8)	12.864	0.001
History of pain	13 (14.4)	5 (15.2)		1.000
Unhealthy lifestyle habits	9 (10.0)	4 (12.1)		0.746
Eckardt score	5.3 ± 1.7	6.2 ± 1.7	0.643	0.008
Tunnel length (cm)	12.4 ± 1.2	12.6 ± 1.3	0.036	0.558
Muscle incision length (cm)	7.6 ± 1.7	7.5 ± 1.7	0.003	0.712
Distance from the myotomy endpoint to the cardia (cm)	2.4 ± 0.6	2.6 ± 0.5	2.238	0.120
Operative time (minute)	85 ± 33	100 ± 42	3.259	0.042
Anesthesia time (minute)	100 ± 34	117 ± 42	1.949	0.025
Inductive opioid medication	25.8 ± 6.5	24.9 ± 7.1	1.438	0.233
Anesthesia method				0.840
Total intravenous anesthesia	41 (45.6)	16 (48.5)
Intravenous-inhalational anesthesia	49 (54.4)	17 (51.5)
Anticholinergic drugs (mg)	42 (46.7)	13 (39.4)

Dates were showed as n (%) or mean ± SD. BMI: Body mass index.

Table 2 Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses of post-peroral endoscopic esophageal myotomy pain

	Univariate		Multivariate
	OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value
Sex (male)	0.729 (0.325-1.633)	0.442
Age (years)	0.991 (0.996-1.015)	0.450
BMI (kg/m2)	0.942 (0.834-1.065)	0.341
Preoperative anxiety status	5.855 (2.075-16.522)	0.001	5.195 (1.691-15.959)	0.004
History of pain	1.058 (0.346-3.237)	0.922
Unhealthy lifestyle habits	1.241 (0.355-4.341)	0.735
Eckardt score	1.363 (1.075-1.726)	0.01	1.317 (0.992-1.748)	0.057
Tunnel length (cm)	1.101 (0.778-1.559)	0.586
Muscle incision length (cm)	0.957 (0.757-1.208)	0.709
Distance from the myotomy endpoint to the cardia (cm)	1.816 (0.855-3.859)	0.121
Operative time (minute)	1.011 (1.001-1.023)	0.048
Anesthesia time (minute)	1.012 (0.988-1.008)	0.031
Intraoperative opioid consumption	0.979 (0.922-1.041)	0.504
Anesthesia method	0.889 (0.400-1.976)	0.773
Anticholinergic drugs (mg)	0.571 (0.248-1.316)	0.188

OR: Odds ratio; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; BMI: Body mass index.