Risk factors analysis for poor prognosis after percutaneous drainage in liver abscess patients with fatty liver

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with liver abscess and fatty liver, mean ± SD/n (%)

Characteristics	Good prognosis group (n = 121)	Poor prognosis group (n = 44)	Test statistic	P value
Gender			χ² = 0.901	0.342
Male	77 (63.6)	26 (59.1)
Female	44 (36.4)	18 (40.9)
Age (years)	56.1 ± 11.9	65.2 ± 11.8	t = 4.852	0.001
Body mass index (kg/m²)	26.1 ± 3.8	28.9 ± 4.6	t = 4.176	0.001
Duration from onset to admission (days)	8.7 ± 4.1	12.4 ± 5.2	t = 5.063	0.001
Temperature on admission (°C)	38.7 ± 0.7	39.4 ± 0.9	t = 5.547	0.001
Number of comorbidities	1.7 ± 1.1	3.2 ± 1.5	t = 7.329	0.001
Smoking history	51 (42.1)	27 (61.4)	χ² = 7.841	0.005
Alcohol consumption history	62 (51.2)	30 (68.2)	χ² = 7.026	0.008
Residence			χ² = 0.628	0.428
Urban	84 (69.4)	24 (54.5)
Rural	58 (47.9)	20 (45.5)
Education level			χ² = 4.658	0.031
Junior high school or below	90 (74.4)	36 (81.8)
High school or above	52 (43.0)	8 (18.2)

Continuous variables are presented as mean ± SD and compared using independent samples t-test. Categorical variables are presented as number (percentage) [n (%)] and compared using χ² test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Table 2 Distribution of comorbidities in patients with liver abscess and fatty liver, n (%)

Comorbidity	Total (n = 165)	Good prognosis (n = 121)	Poor prognosis (n = 44)	χ²	P value
Diabetes mellitus	98 (59.4)	67 (55.4)	31 (70.5)	6.983	0.008
Hypertension	76 (46.1)	55 (45.5)	21 (47.7)	1.095	0.296
Coronary heart disease	32 (19.4)	22 (18.2)	10 (22.7)	1.211	0.271
Dyslipidemia	84 (50.9)	56 (46.3)	28 (63.6)	7.542	0.006
Chronic kidney disease	26 (15.8)	14 (11.6)	12 (27.3)	8.294	0.004
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	18 (10.9)	12 (9.9)	6 (13.6)	0.974	0.324
Biliary disease	54 (32.7)	35 (28.9)	19 (43.2)	5.673	0.017

P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Comparisons between groups were performed using χ² test.

Table 3 Clinical symptoms and signs in patients with liver abscess and fatty liver, n (%)

Variable	Total (n = 165)	Good prognosis (n = 121)	Poor prognosis (n = 44)	χ²/t	P value
Right-upper-quadrant pain	138 (83.6)	102 (84.3)	36 (81.8)	0.168	0.682
Nausea & vomiting	110 (66.7)	78 (64.5)	32 (72.7)	0.872	0.350
Fatigue	122 (73.9)	86 (71.1)	36 (81.8)	1.571	0.210
Chills	126 (76.4)	89 (73.6)	37 (84.1)	1.725	0.189
Loss of appetite	140 (84.8)	100 (82.6)	40 (90.9)	1.476	0.226
Abdominal distension	85 (51.5)	59 (48.8)	26 (59.1)	1.176	0.279
Jaundice	46 (27.9)	29 (24.0)	17 (38.6)	3.060	0.080
Cough & sputum	60 (36.4)	40 (33.1)	20 (45.5)	2.006	0.182
Night sweats	79 (47.3)	50 (41.3)	29 (65.9)	7.086	0.008
Weight loss	67 (40.6)	43 (35.5)	24 (54.5)	4.024	0.045
Right-shoulder/back pain	38 (23.0)	25 (20.7)	13 (29.5)	1.236	0.266

P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Categorical variables are presented as number (percentage) [n (%)] and compared using χ² test. Continuous variables are presented as mean ± SD and compared using independent samples t-test.

Table 4 Laboratory test results comparison

Parameter (unit)	Good prognosis (n = 121)	Poor prognosis (n = 44)	t/χ²	P value
White blood cells (× 109/L)	13.7 ± 4.8	18.2 ± 6.4	t = 4.62	< 0.001
C-reactive protein (mg/L)	98.6 ± 35.7	145.8 ± 42.3	t = 6.31	< 0.001
Procalcitonin (ng/mL)	4.2 ± 2.1	8.9 ± 3.6	t = 7.54	< 0.001
Serum albumin (g/L)	32.1 ± 5.6	26.8 ± 4.2	t = 5.74	< 0.001
Total bilirubin (μmol/L)	28.4 ± 12.1	45.7 ± 18.3	t = 5.93	< 0.001
Alanine aminotransferase (U/L)	62.3 ± 21.4	89.4 ± 28.7	t = 5.48	< 0.001
Hemoglobin (g/L)	118.4 ± 16.7	106.8 ± 18.2	t = 3.89	< 0.001
Platelet count (× 109/L)	198.2 ± 52.8	156.7 ± 45.3	t = 4.27	< 0.001
Prothrombin time (s)	14.2 ± 2.1	16.8 ± 2.9	t = 5.12	< 0.001