Outcome and risk factors of ulcer healing after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 1 Study selection and characteristics

Ref.	Country	Total (n)	Study type	Outcomes: Ulcer healing rate		Risk factor
				< 8 weeks (%)	≥ 8weeks (%)
Gong et al[20]	China	196	Prospective cohort	79.59	-	2
Fei et al[21]	China	200	Case control	78.40	-	1,2,3
Huang et al[22]	China	112	Case control	-	-	3,4
Kobayashi et al[18]	Japan	170	Randomized controlled study	17.10	-	2
Lee et al[23]	Korea	192	Retrospective cohort	61.8	80.5	2
		95	Randomized controlled study	42.6	83.3
Lim et al[9]	Korea	1680	Retrospective cohort	-	94.3	2,4,5
Nakamura et al[16]	Korea	109	Randomized controlled study	13.8	84.4	2,3,5
Otsuka et al[24]	Japan	132	Prospective cohort	-	92.1	1,2,3,6
Shimozato et al[25]	Japan	73	Retrospective cohort	-	78.1	2,3,6
Shen et al[26]	China	152	Prospective cohort	69.09	-	2,3,5,6
Shao et al[27]	China	152	Case control	-	78.1	1
Yamasaki et al[28]	Japan	167	Retrospective cohort	24.5	-	2,3

¹Helicobacter pylori infection.

²Ulcer size.

³Lesion site.

⁴Diabetes.

⁵Pathology of lesion.

⁶Duration of operation.

Healing of ulcers was defined as the ulcer scarring stages.

Table 2 Outcome of ulcer healing during different time periods

Different durations	Studies	Patients (n)	OR	95%CI	P value	Heterogeneity
						χ2	df	P value	I2 (%)
Overall	11	3719	2.71	2.45-3.00	0.06	808.11	14	< 0.00001	98
< 8 weeks	7	1286	0.76	0.23-0.46	0.49	188.64	7	< 0.00001	96
≥ 8 weeks	6	2433	6.73	3.82-11.87	< 0.00001	74.58	6	< 0.00001	92

P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. OR: Odds ratio; 95%CI: 95% confidence intervals; df: Degrees of freedom.

Table 3 Bias assessment: Egger's test

	Outcome of ulcer healing			Risk factors
	Overall	< 8 weeks	≥ 8 weeks	Ulcer size	Lesion site	Pathology of lesion	Duration of operation
t value	-1.06	-0.46	-2.21	2.05	0.71	7.87	3.03
P value	0.311	0.661	0.078	0.074	0.520	0.080	0.203