Letter to the Editor: Gut-vascular barrier dysfunction in intestinal obstruction: The role of vagal suppression and heart rate variability

Figure 1 Vicious cycle of gut-vascular barrier damage, vagal suppression, and systemic inflammation in intestinal obstruction. Intestinal obstruction induces gut-vascular barrier disruption and increases plasmalemma vesicle associated protein 1 expression, leading to systemic inflammation. This inflammatory response contributes to vagal suppression and reduced heart rate variability, which in turn further aggravates inflammation and gut-vascular damage, perpetuating the cycle. GVB: Gut-vascular barrier; HRV: Heart rate variability; PV1: Plasmalemma vesicle associated protein 1.