Prediction of perioperative complications in colorectal cancer via artificial intelligence analysis of heart rate variability

Figure 1 Heart rate variability in a normal and abnormal state. A: A smart monitoring device for the collection of heart rate variability data; B: Poincaré scatter diagram in a relaxed and stressed state; C and D: Trend chart of time-domain parameters indicating the difference 24 hours before the operation to 3 days after the operation; E and F: Power spectral density analysis of the frequency domain indicates the difference between the non-perioperative complication group and the perioperative complication group. NPC: Non-perioperative complication; PC: Perioperative complication; HF: High-frequency; LF: Low-frequency.

Figure 2 Fluctuation of time-domain and frequency-domain heart rate variability analysis parameters during the perioperative period in the perioperative complication group and non-perioperative complication group. A: The SDNN data throughout the day; B: The data of pNN50; C: The data of RMSSD; D: The data of LF; E: The data of HF; F: The data of LF/HF. ^aP < 0.05, ^cP < 0.001, the NPC group vs PC group; ^gP < 0.05, ^hP < 0.01, ^lP < 0.001, vs Pre in the non-perioperative complication group; ^dP < 0.05, ^eP < 0.01, vs Pre in the perioperative complication group. SDNN: Standard deviation of N-N intervals; RMSSD: Mean of the squared differences between adjacent normal RR intervals; LF: Low-frequency band; HF: High-frequency band; NPC: Non-perioperative complication; PC: Perioperative complication; Pre: Preoperative day; Pod: Post-operative day.

Figure 3 Inflammatory markers during the perioperative period in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical colorectal cancer resection. A: White blood cell of patients in the non-perioperative complication group (NPC) and perioperative complication (PC) group; B: C-reactive protein levels of patients in the NPC group and PC group; C: Albumin levels of patients in the NPC group and PC group; D: Hemoglobin levels of patients in the NPC group and PC group. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001, with the NPC group vs the PC group; ^hP < 0.01, ^lP < 0.001, vs Pre in the NPC group; ^dP < 0.05, ^eP < 0.01, ^fP < 0.001, vs Pre in the PC group. WBC: White blood cell; CRP: C-reactive protein; Hb: Hemoglobin; Pod: Post-operative day.