Associations of clinical indexes and prognosis with gut-vascular barrier damage in patients with intestinal obstruction

Figure 1 Flow diagram of recruitment and follow-up research in this study. BMI: Body mass index; IO: Intestinal obstruction.

Figure 2 The PV1 mRNA expression in intestinal mucosa was increased in the patients with intestinal obstruction. The expression of PV1 in intestinal mucosa was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. ^aP < 0.01. IO: Intestinal obstruction.

Figure 3 The PV1 protein expression in intestinal mucosa was increased in the patients with intestinal obstruction. A: The expression of the marker of endothelial cell permeability, PV1, was analyzed by immunofluorescence in ileum sections (200 ×). PV1 (green), CD34 (red) and DAPI (blue), scale bars: 200 μm; B: The relative quantification of PV1 in intestinal obstruction and control patients. ^aP < 0.01. IO: Intestinal obstruction.

Figure 4 The PV1 expression was positively correlated with several infection indicators in the patients with intestinal obstruction. The PV1 expression in the patients with intestinal obstruction showed significant positive correlations with preoperative procalcitonin, C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil (NEUT), and postoperative CRP, WBC, NEUT. PCT: Procalcitonin; CRP: C-reactive protein; WBC: White blood cell; NEUT: Neutrophil.

Figure 5 The PV1 expression was positively correlated with liver and renal functions in the patients with intestinal obstruction. The PV1 expression in the patients with intestinal obstruction showed positive correlations with preoperative alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine (CREA), and postoperative ALT, AST, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, and CREA. ALT: Alanine transaminase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; CREA: Creatinine; TBIL: Total bilirubin; IBIL: Indirect bilirubin; DBIL: Direct bilirubin.

Figure 6 The PV1 expression was positively correlated with clinical prognosis in the patients with intestinal obstruction. The PV1 expression in the patients with intestinal obstruction showed significant positive correlations with the durations of postoperative hospitalization, antibiotic use, and fever.

Figure 7 Several infection indicators, liver and renal functions and clinical prognosis were markedly worse in the PV1-high sub-group than that in the PV1-low sub-group. A: Compared to the PV1-low sub-group, the PV1-high sub-group had significantly higher preoperative procalcitonin, C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine (CREA) levels; B: Compared to the PV1-low sub-group, the PV1-high sub-group had significantly higher and postoperative CRP, WBC, ALT, AST, total bilirubin, and CREA levels; C: Compared to the PV1-low sub-group, the PV1-high sub-group exhibited extended periods of postoperative hospitalization and antibiotic use. ^aP < 0.01, ^bP < 0.05, ^cP < 0.001. PCT: Procalcitonin; CRP: C-reactive protein; WBC: White blood cell; NEUT: Neutrophil; ALT: Alanine transaminase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; CREA: Creatinine; TBIL: Total bilirubin.