Enhanced recovery after surgery in gastric cancer surgery: Systematic review and meta-analysis of perioperative indwelling drainage tube use

Figure 1 Literature screening flowchart. CNKI: China National Knowledge Infrastructure; VIP: VIP Information; RCT: Randomized controlled trial.

Figure 2  Risk of bias chart for included studies.

Figure 3 Gastrointestinal function recovery. A: Forest plot of time to first flatus; B: Forest plot of length of hospital stay; C: Forest plot of hospitalization cost. CI: Confidence interval.

Figure 4 Time to drainage tube removal. A: Forest plot of nasogastric tube removal time; B: Forest plot of urinary catheter removal time; C: Forest plot of abdominal drain removal time. CI: Confidence interval.

Figure 5 Incidence of complications. A: Forest plot of overall complication rate; B: Forest plot of intestinal obstruction incidence; C: Forest plot of nausea and vomiting incidence; D: Forest plot of anastomotic leakage incidence; E: Forest plot of surgical site infection incidence; F: Forest plot of urinary tract infection incidence; G: Forest plot of pulmonary infection incidence. CI: Confidence interval.

Figure 6 Funnel plot of complication rates. A: Forest plot of hospitalization time; B: Funnel plot of hospitalization cost; C: Funnel plot of complication rates. MD: Mean difference; SMD: Standardized mean difference; OR: Odds ratio.