Fei S, Wei P, Ming N, Yao HB. Evolving therapeutic landscape of duodenal neuroendocrine neoplasms: From endoscopic resection to systemic strategies. World J Gastrointest Surg 2026; 18(5): 118355 [DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v18.i5.118355]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Hai-Bo Yao, PhD, Professor, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital Bijie Hospital (The First People’s Hospital of Bijie), No. 112 Guanghui Road, Bijie 551700, Guizhou Province, China. yhb0129@126.com
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Oncology
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review-article
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Fei S, Wei P, Ming N, Yao HB. Evolving therapeutic landscape of duodenal neuroendocrine neoplasms: From endoscopic resection to systemic strategies. World J Gastrointest Surg 2026; 18(5): 118355 [DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v18.i5.118355]
World J Gastrointest Surg. May 27, 2026; 18(5): 118355 Published online May 27, 2026. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v18.i5.118355
Evolving therapeutic landscape of duodenal neuroendocrine neoplasms: From endoscopic resection to systemic strategies
Song Fei, Peng Wei, Nie Ming, Hai-Bo Yao
Song Fei, Peng Wei, Nie Ming, Hai-Bo Yao, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital Bijie Hospital (The First People’s Hospital of Bijie), Bijie 551700, Guizhou Province, China
Author contributions: Fei S drafted the majority of the manuscript; Peng W and Ming M searched the literature of the neuroendocrine tumor of the duodenum; Yao HB revised and approved the manuscript; and all authors read and approved the final manuscript.
AI contribution statement: The DeepSeek AI tool was used for language polishing, translation, and writing assistance of the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Corresponding author: Hai-Bo Yao, PhD, Professor, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital Bijie Hospital (The First People’s Hospital of Bijie), No. 112 Guanghui Road, Bijie 551700, Guizhou Province, China. yhb0129@126.com
Received: December 30, 2025 Revised: February 10, 2026 Accepted: March 17, 2026 Published online: May 27, 2026 Processing time: 148 Days and 22 Hours
Abstract
Duodenal neuroendocrine tumors (D-NETs), a subset of gastroenteropancreatic NETs, arise from the diffusely distributed endocrine system and represent a clinically heterogeneous entity with rising global incidence. Their etiopathogenesis remains elusive. The diagnosis of D-NETs is challenging due to their non-specific symptomatology; however, hormone hypersecretion syndromes must be considered. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography and endoscopy serve as cornerstone diagnostic modalities, while five distinct histopathological subtypes have been characterized. Therapeutic decision-making is stratified by tumor size, location, grade, and stage, encompassing a multimodal arsenal including endoscopic resection, surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy. Postoperative surveillance with serial biomarker assessment and imaging is critical for detecting recurrence. Through early diagnosis, meticulous staging, complete resection, and structured follow-up, long-term survival outcomes for D-NET patients have substantially improved.
Core Tip: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) arise from the body’s diffuse endocrine system. Duodenal NETs represent a heterogeneous and uncommon neoplasm, frequently diagnosed serendipitously during clinical evaluation. Significant conceptual ambiguity persists regarding their clinicopathological manifestations, diagnostic algorithms, and therapeutic paradigms. This review provides a lucid and structured synthesis of contemporary evidence, delineating current understanding and critical knowledge gaps in duodenal NETs’ pathophysiology and management.
