Combined assessment with stress hyperglycemia ratio and time in range: Associations with twenty-eight-day mortality in surgical intensive care unit patients

Table 1 Characteristics and outcomes of patients, n (%)/median (interquartile range)

Variables	Total (n = 706)	Survivors (n = 616)	Non-survivors (n = 90)	P value
Age (years)	69.50 (60.00, 78.75)	69.00 (59.00, 78.00)	76.50 (66.50, 83.00)	< 0.001
Sex				0.333
Female	300 (42.49)	266 (43.18)	34 (37.78)
Male	406 (57.51)	350 (56.82)	56 (62.22)
BMI (kg/m2)	23.44 (21.30, 25.81)	23.66 (21.30, 25.82)	23.31 (21.48, 25.76)	0.233
APACHE II	15.00 (10.00, 21.00)	13.50 (9.00, 20.00)	22.00 (16.00, 27.00)	< 0.001
Admission type				0.460
Emergency surgery	343 (48.58)	296 (48.05)	47 (52.22)
Elective surgery	363 (51.42)	320 (51.95)	43 (47.78)
History of diabetes				0.006
Yes	283 (40.08)	235 (38.15)	48 (53.33)
No	423 (59.92)	381 (61.85)	42 (46.67)
HbA1c (%)	5.90 (5.50, 6.90)	5.90(5.50, 6.90)	6.40 (5.57, 7.25)	0.146
Hemoglobin (g/L)	103 (84, 119)	104 (86, 120)	95 (76, 118)	0.037
TIR (%)	75.0 (38.1, 90.9)	77.0 (42.9, 91.5)	53.0 (23.1, 87.6)	< 0.001
SHR	1.17 (0.97, 1.46)	1.16 (0.96, 1.44)	1.29 (0.99, 1.67)	0.017
Use of glucocorticoid				0.017
Yes	193 (27.34)	159 (25.81)	34 (37.78)
No	513 (72.66)	457 (74.19)	56 (62.22)
Length of ICU stay (days)	5.00 (3.44, 11.10)	4.93 (3.08, 9.90)	10.30 (4.89, 15.65)	< 0.001

BMI: Body mass index; APACHE II: Acute physiology score and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II; HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1C; TIR: Time in range; SHR: Stress hyperglycemia ratio; ICU: Intensive care unit.

Table 2 The associations of stress hyperglycemia ratio and time in range with 28-day mortality in surgical intensive care unit patients

	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	OR (95%CI)	P value	Adjusted OR (95%CI)	Adjusted P value
SHR
Q1	1.62 (0.78-3.36)	0.198	1.37 (0.62-3.03)	0.433
Q2	1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)
Q3	1.90 (0.93-3.88)	0.079	1.48 (0.68-3.18)	0.322
Q4	3.00 (1.52-5.91)	0.001	2.24 (1.06-4.71)	0.035
TIR
Q1	1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)
Q2	0.44 (0.25-0.79)	0.011	0.46 (0.23-0.93)	0.030
Q3	0.39 (0.21-0.73)	0.006	0.43 (0.19-0.99)	0.046
Q4	0.37 (0.20-0.69)	0.005	0.41 (0.17-0.98)	0.045

OR: Odd ratio; CI: Confidence interval; TIR: Time in range; SHR: Stress hyperglycemia ratio.