Transverse tibial bone transport promotes distraction osteogenesis and improves blood flow in the management of diabetic foot

Table 1 General information of the patients

Characteristic	Number (n = 15)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus	15
Number of feet	15
Age	63.5 ± 9.4
Sex
Male/female	11/4
Wagner’s grades
2	2
3	3
4	7
5	3
Duration of diabetes (years)	7.26 ± 1.21
HbA1c (%)	10.26 ± 1.52
Coronary artery disease	5
Smoking history	6

HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin.

Table 2 Results of clinical assessment

	Foot skin temperature (℃)	ABI index	VAS score
Preoperative	28.67 ± 0.57	0.51 ± 0.11	4.93 ± 0.70
1 week after surgery	30.75 ± 0.55a	0.56 ± 0.14	1.87 ± 0.52a
1 month after surgery	31.05 ± 0.45a	0.72 ± 0.07a	1.13 ± 0.35a
6 months after surgery	32.11 ± 0.66a	0.87 ± 0.05a	0.47 ± 0.52a
F value	98.38	39.52	202.8
P value	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001

^aP < 0.05 vs preoperative.

ABI: Ankle-brachial index; VAS: Visual Analog Scale.

Table 3 Results of lower limb blood flow

	Blood flow volume of the popliteal artery (cc/min)	Anterior Tibial artery		Peroneal artery		Dorsalis Pedis artery
		Diameter (mm)	Blood flow velocity (cm/s)	Diameter (mm)	Blood flow velocity (cc/min)	Diameter (mm)	Blood flow velocity (cm/s)
Preoperative	76.20 ± 29.98	0.13 ± 0.08	34.47 ± 32.17	0.13 ± 0.03	40.73 ± 33.65	0.11 ± 0.03	22.13 ± 13.89
1 month after surgery	98.07 ± 21.23	0.12 ± 0.09	43.80 ± 27.73	0.15 ± 0.02	45.53 ± 25.39	0.13 ± 0.02	33.13 ± 14.21
t	2.306	0.322	0.851	2.148	0.441	2.148	2.144
P value	0.029	0.750	0.402	0.040	0.663	0.040	0.041

Table 4 Vascular condition of the collateral branches

	Number of collateral vessels	Inner diameter of the collateral branches	Blood flow velocity of the collateral branches
Preoperative	2.7 ± 1.6	0.12 ± 0.04	25.33 ± 8.41
1 month after surgery	9.7 ± 2.3	0.13 ± 0.01	54.73 ± 7.99
t	9.676	0.939	9.816
P value	< 0.0001	0.356	< 0.0001